1. The Nation Splits
Chapter 10

2. Presidents 6th John Quincy Adams 7th Andrew Jackson
8th Martin Van Buren
9th William Henry Harrison
10th John Tyler
11th James Polk
12th Zachary Taylor

3. Popular Sovereignty
An idea suggested by Lewis Cass of Michigan where the people living in the territory determine if they live in a free or slave state.

4. The Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay – the Great Compromiser Great Debate
Daniel Webster – MA
John Calhoun - SC

5. The Compromise of 1850 California – Free state
Popular sovereignty in Utah & New Mexico territories
Texas border dispute with New Mexico resolved
Slave trade (not slavery itself) abolished in the District of Columbia
Federal enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act

6. Fugitive Slave Act
Anyone accused of being a slave was brought before a federal commissioner
Freed slaves couldn’t even testify for themselves
Commissioners that ruled for the slaveholders earned $10, judgment in favor of the accused paid only $5
All citizens had to assist in the arrest of escape slaves

7. Underground Railroad
Organization of abolitionists to transport runaway slaves north to freedom.

9. Creation of the Republican Party
Free-Soil Party – wanted to stop spread of slavery
Antislavery groups combine to create the Republican Party in 1854, included Free-soilers, Whigs, Know-Nothings (nativist), American Party
They link themselves to Jefferson’s original Democratic-Republicans

10. Kansas Nebraska Act Repealed the Missouri Compromise
Cut Nebraska Territory into two
The northern part could enter as free, the southern (Kansas) as slave
Use Popular Sovereignty

11. Bleeding Kansas
Both pro and anti slavery activists moved into Kansas to elect legislatures that represented their beliefs
Missourian’s known as ‘border ruffians’ make trouble and fighting occur
200 people dead and $2 million in damage
Result – Free State

12. The violence continues
Charles Sumner a senator from Massachusetts blasts the institution of slavery
He attacks personally the senator from SC, Andrew Butler
Butler’s cousin, Preston Brooks attacks Sumner viciously

13. Dred Scott Decision 1857
Issue: Dred Scott was a slave from Missouri that moved and lived in a free territory, upon returning he sued for his freedom claiming that living in a free territory made him free
Decision: Slaves are property
Judge Roger Taney presided over the Supreme Court
Pg. 336

14. Harper’s Ferry Raid
John Brown – a fierce abolitionist who believed in freeing the slaves by force, was a part of Bleeding Kansas
Wanted to set up a base in Harper’s Ferry, VA to attack slave owners
He attacked the arsenal and was defeated
Tried for treason and hung

15. Presidents Millard Fillmore – 1850-1853 Franklin Pierce – 1853-1857
Signed Compromise of 1850
Franklin Pierce –
Signed Kansas-Nebraska Act
James Buchanan –
Sent troops to arrest Frederick Douglass

16. Abraham Lincoln “A house divided” Lincoln-Douglas debates for Congress
Results
Douglas wins
Lincoln becomes visible nationally
Douglas loses some Southern support

17. Lincoln Elected
Inaugural address- stop slavery from spreading into the western territories
Preserve the Union
South Carolina secedes
Keep Maryland a part of the Union so the capitol is not surrounded by Confederate States

19. 1. Henry Clay
2. Missouri Compromise
3. South Carolina
4. Maryland
5. Virginia
6. Free Soilers
7. Republicans
8. Underground RR
9. Transcontinental RR
10. John Brown
11. Border Ruffians
12. Dred Scott
13. Wilmot Proviso
14. Gadsden Purchase
15. Compromise of 1850
16. Kansas-Nebraska Act
17. Bleeding Kansas
18. Fugitive Slave Act
19. Abolitionist
20. Martial Law
21. Ft. Sumter
22. Insurrection
23. Popular Sovereignty
24. Confederate States