1. The Road to the American Civil War
1850’s

2. Compromise
of 1850

3. Compromise of 1850

4. The Fugitive Slave Act 1850
Increased power of slave owners to capture escaped slaves
Fed gov’t supported slave owners
Imposed fed penalties on citizens who protected or assisted slaves
Abolitionists reacted fiercely: Some support armed resistance!

5. 1852 Presidential Election
The “Young American Movement”
√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

6. Marked End of Whig Party!!
1852 Election Results
Marked End of Whig Party!!

7. Expansionism Under Pierce
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
Neither US or GB would fortify or secure exclusive control over any future waterway in Panama region
The “Young American Movement”
Sense of national pride and American superiority
Southerners want more territory for cotton!
Ostend Manifesto
Secret document where the US offered $130 million for Cuba and if Spain said no, US would take it!!
Commodore Matthew Perry and his war ships open trade with Japan

8. Crisis of the National Party System

9. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

10. “Bleeding Kansas”

11. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? May 1856 – Pottawatomie Massacre
Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20c)

12. The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]
Nativists.
Anti-Catholics.
Anti-immigrants.

13. 1856 Presidential Election
√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican American Party

14. 1856 Election Results

15. Differences Deepen

16. “The Crime Against Kansas”
Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)
Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

17. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 Chief Justice Taney
Overturned Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850
Upheld the right of slave owners to their property in new territories
Questioned the validity of popular sovereignty
Threw case out b/c slaves weren’t citizens and therefore DID NOT have the right to sue in S.C.

18. Lecompton Constitution
Pro-slavery constitution for KS which sparked a federal debate
Free-soilers boycotted pro-slavery gov’t by forming their own gov’t in Topeka
Constitution supported by Pres. Buchanan but blocked in Congress
1859 – KS held another constitutional convention and was admitted as a free state in 1861
Impact on Democrats
Split party among sectional lines

19. A House divided against itself, cannot stand.
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

20. Stephen Douglas
&
the Freeport Doctrine
Popular Sovereignty?

21. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, Oct. 1859

22. Effects of Harper’s Ferry
Brown seen as an agent of northern abolitionism and antislavery conspiracy (‘secret six’)
Southern states began to organize for protection against future threats
Perhaps the most
immediate cause of
disunion!!

23. The South Secedes

24. 1860 Presidential Election
√ Abraham Lincoln Republican
John Bell Constitutional Union
John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat
Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat

25. Republican Party Platform
1860
Non-extension of slavery
Protective tariff
No abridgment of rights for immigrants
Government aid to build a Pacific RR
Internal improvements at federal expense.
Free homesteads for the public domain

26. 1860
Election
Results

27. Secession!:
SC Dec. 20, 1860

28. Establishment of the Confederacy
Commitment to individualism and decentralization
Support states rights
Abolition of slavery IMPOSSIBLE!
First Confederate This flag was adopted but never officially enacted. For twenty five days the Confederate States of America had no officially approved flag. This flag was raised in a ceremony on March 4, 1861, it contained seven stars, representing the original Confederate States.

29. The Confederate “White House”
Montgomery
The third national flag was adopted March 4, 1865, just before the fall of the Confederacy.

30. The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
Secession was normal, responsible & expectable