1. War & Expansion in United States
Ch.10 Sec. 3

2. U.S. Expansion
1803- Thomas Jefferson bought Louisiana purchase from France
1819- Spain gave up Florida to U.S.
1846- U.S. gained part of Oregon Territory through treaty with GB
Nation now extended from Atlantic to the Pacific

3. U.S. Expansion

4. Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny- U.S. had the right and the duty to rule N. America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
Used to justify removing Native Americans from their lands

5. Indian Removal Act
Allowed federal government to force Indians living in the East of the Mississippi River move West.
5 civilized tribes: Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, & Seminole
Cherokees challenged decision, but the Supreme court would not hear their case.
Trail of Tears
Journey to Oklahoma miles
About ¼ of the Cherokees died on the trail
Land was not as good as their native lands in the east

6. Texas Annexation Mexico gained independence from Spain 1821
Mexican gov. gave American settlers permission to move into Texas (Mexican territory)
Did not like Mexican rule
TX revolted in 1836 & won its independence
U.S. annexed Texas in 1845
Mexico claimed Texas, viewed annexation as
an act of war.
Mexican-American War
U.S. defeats Mexico after 2 years of fighting
Mexico ceded California and large amount of land in the Southwest
Gadsden Purchase from Mexico extended the boundaries of the U.S. in the lower Southwest.

7. Gadsden Purchase

8. Causes of Civil War Westward Expansion
Questions about what laws and customs (SLAVERY) should be followed in the new western territories were raised.
People in the North & South lived completely different lives.
Both North & South wanted to extend their way of life into the new western territories

9. Causes of Civil War 2. Economics North
Diverse economy with both agriculture and industry
Many Northerners considered slavery morally wrong
Wanted to outlaw slavery in the new western states.
South
Based around agriculture with few cash crops
Relied on slave labor

10. Causes of Civil War 3. Debate over rights
Both sides debated about the rights of individual states vs. the federal government
South
Politicians argued that their states had freely joined the union, so they should be allowed to freely leave.
North
Felt that the Constitution established the Union once and for all.

12. Nation Divides Election of Abraham Lincoln- 1860 Southern Secession
Conflict reaches its height
Lincoln had promised to stop the SPREAD of slavery during his campaign.
Southern Secession
One by one, southern states started to secede (withdraw) from the Union.
South Carolina- 1st state (1860)
11 states total would secede
Southern States formed the Confederate States of America
President Jefferson Davis
SC, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX, VA, AR, NC, TN

13. Confederate States President
Abraham Lincoln
US President
Jefferson Davis
Confederate States President

14. War Breaks Out (1861-1865) Ft. Sumter, SC- 1861
Confederate forces fire upon a federal fort
Lincoln ordered the federal army to bring the seceded states back into the Union
Civil War had begun

15. Advantages North South Larger population Superior military leadership
Better transportation
Railroads
More natural resources
More factories
Superior military leadership
Majority of war fought on their land

16. Emancipation Proclamation
Claimed that it made all slaves in Confederate states free as of Jan. 1, 1863
Did NOT end slavery!!!
Used as a weapon for war
European nations stopped sending supplies to aid the Confederacy.
Amendments to the Constitution
13th-abolished slavery in the U.S.
14th-allowed former slaves to become citizens of the U.S.
15th-guaranteed former slaves the right to vote.

17. “A House Divided Against itself cannot stand”
Lincoln’s Quotes
“A House Divided Against itself cannot stand”

18. Reconstruction (1865-1877) Union troops occupying the South
Enforced constitutional protections
After federal troops left Segregation in the South, begins.
Separation of blacks and whites in the South.
Laws passed that made it difficult for African American to vote.
African Americans faced discrimination in both North and South.

19. Post War Economy Immigration Railroads 1870s more than 2000 per day
million immigrants from Europe/Asia
Railroads
1862- Transcontinental railroad
7 years
Linked CA to eastern U.S.