1. Revolution Brings Reform and Terror A Cornell overview
Chapter 7 section two
Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
A Cornell overview

2. Early Effects of the Revolution
General Headings
Specific Details
Who is Hurt during the Great Fear?
Assembly Reforms: August 4, 1789
Not just the peasants! Nobles and clergy had to fear for their lives. They were attacked because of past privileges.
Nobility and Clergy joined the Nat. Assembly and helped vote in the end of upper class privileges. Mostly out of fear.

3. Fall of 1789: Legislative Reforms
General Headings
Specific Details
National Assembly adopts the “Declaration of the Rights of Man” Aug. 25, 1789
The State took control of the Church (fall of 1789)
Was a mission statement of revolutionary ideals. Guaranteed equal justice, freedom of speech, religion
Church lands taken, officials became state employees. Political independence gone. France did it for the money. Many peasants stopped supporting the revolution because of this.

4. Would you miss me? Would you?
Louis XVI and his family dressed like a common bourgeoisie family are found out in Varennes , France.

5. The King’s role changes
General Headings
Specific Details
The king and his family try to escape France
Constitution of 1791 and a limited Monarchy
Because of all the new laws in 1790 and the call for more change. The King felt his life in danger. Even though, in theory, he still had legal power. His capture in June of 1791 permanently damages his standing in France
National Assembley adopts new Constitution in Renames itself Legislative Assembly. They made laws and approved or denied wars. The king had executive powers to enforce laws.

6. Political and Social divisions in France
General Headings
Specific Details
Old problems still around in France. People differed on how to fix them.
Nobles who had escaped France still wanted a say in things
In the cities, the sans-culottes wanted a more radical, violent revolution
These problems were food shortages and govt. debt. Radicals wanted to gut the govt. Moderates wanted just a few, key, changes. Conservatives wanted to work within the traditional monarchy
These Nobles were called Emigres and they went to leaders all over Europe hoping for help in undoing the Revolution and restoring the Old Regime
The term means, “those without knee breeches”. These were the urban poor of Paris that felt France needed total change if their lives were going to be affected at all by the revolution. They will be a factor.

7. The sans-culottes and the Revolution
From going forward, these urban poor were the pulse of the Revolution. Since their violent actions weren’t stopped, this Revolution was bloody.

8. The Radical revolution at Home: War abroad
General Headings
Specific Details
The rest of Europe was horrified with the news from France
France’s response shocked the continent
The September Massacres were a result of bad losses in the War
They feared similar actions at home. Conservative countries Austria and Prussia threatened war if Louis XVI was not restored
The French declared War on the two countries in April of The war was a disaster that whole summer. Prussia was on Paris’s doorstep.
With the army at the Front, citizens of Paris feared a break out by supporters of the King. Citizens mobbed city jails and massacred the prisoners inside. The Revolution was out of control

9. The Revolution Begins: Politics
General Headings
Specific Details
Louis XVI, unable to think of a solution, calls the legislature: The Estates General
When this was voted down, 2-1, the Third estate walked out
Other members joined as well
A body that hadn’t met in 175 yrs. Each Estate got one vote. The third estate wanted every DELEGATE to get one vote (for fairness)
They took the “Tennis Court Oath”. They would create their own body that would be the new govt. of France
Liberal members of the clergy and nobility estates, who saw change coming.

10. Jean-Paul Marat
Editor of L’Ami du Peuple. A radical newspaper. His continued calls for violence made the revolution bloody. Also got him killed by Charlotte Corday!

11. Constitution of 1792: Radical Revolution
General Headings
Specific Details
What were the changes in the Constitution of 1792?
Who were the Jacobins and what did control by them mean?
As the war with Austria/Prussia continues is France making progress?
New legislature, the National Convention created. It declared France a Republic. The King was deposed and monarch was now longer a govt. position. All male citizens could vote (9/21/1792
The Jacobins were a political club/party that was the most represented in the National Convention. They called for total political change in France. Their leader was Georges Danton. They tried Louis XVI and had him guillotined in Jan. 1793
One step forward, two steps back. The convention led army gets a huge victory at the Battle of Valmy. In early 1793 though, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Spain join in the war against France. Convention has to order a draft.

12. Robespierre and the Reign of Terror
General Headings
Specific Details
Why does the Reign of Terror begin in summer of 1793
How did Robespierre take over the Revolution
What were the results of the Committee’s work?
Because of the strain against the revolution from foreigners and from opponents inside the country. Particularly from the Provinces. Leaders like Maximillian Robespierre, who want to protect Revolution at all cost, are feared and followed
He was a Jacobin leader who took over the Committee of Public Safety in the Convention. He uses this post to root out everyone in the country he considers a “counterrevolutionary”. Everyone in France starts to turn on each other.
Thousands died without trial and with mere accusations. Everyone became scared of being on the wrong side of Robespierre. Even Danton was killed. Finally, in Summer of 1794, Robespierre’s own committee turned on him. Robespierre was executed and the Reign was over.

13. End of the Terror; and phase one of the Revolution
General Headings
Specific Details
With Robespierre’s death, what was the next step for France?
This was where French public opinion forced the revolution to take a step back. No more violence. A new govt., the Directory (a panel of 5 Presidents) was adopted. They were moderates, not idealists. Govt. was non-violent, but corrupt and not powerful. NAPOLEON IS WAITING IN THE WINGS!

14. Summarize!
At the Bottom: Look over the notes we’ve taken and write a one paragraph summary at the bottom. Get your Cornell on!!

15. The End!