1. Genetics Quick Review Mitosis Formation of Body cells, Diploid cells,
2 new identical
Daughter cells

2. Meiosis: formation of gametes, haploid cells, egg & sperm cells,
Genetics Quick Review
Meiosis: formation
of gametes, haploid
cells,
egg & sperm cells,
4 new daughter cells.

3. Genetics
Gregor Mendel father of Genetics, studied pea plants, identified dominant and recessive traits.
Started to develope the Law of segregation

4. Genetics
Dominant & Recessive Genes (alleles) traits, represented by capital & lower case letters. Dominant trait will mask (hide recessive trait if organism has one gene for each trait.
Tall trait =T, short trait=t
Organism with the genotype TT or Tt will be tall
Organism with the genotype tt will be short
Geneticist use a punnett square to show probability and possibility of offspring traits.

5. Dominant and Recessive Traits 1 Gene cross
T= tall dominant t= short recessive

6. F1 generations

7. Co-dominant Traits
Both traits show up usually use 2 capital letters: RR=red (homozygous / pure bred), WW=white homozygous / pure bred), RW= red & white petals (heterozygous / hybred) on flower. Roan cattle red and White fur (RW)

8. Co-dominant Traits
Both traits show up roan cattle has both reddish and white fur .

9. Incomplete dominance Both traits blend together Usually use 2 capitals
4 O’clock morning rose
RR=red
WW=white
RW=pink

10. Multiple Alleles BLOOD TYPE
A is co-dominant to type B-blood but dominant over type o-blood genotypes for type A-blood are AA or Ao
B is co-dominant to type A-blood but dominant over type o-blood genotypes for type B-blood are BB or Bo
O-blood is recessive to type A or type B therefore the only genotype type o-blood has is oo, it is the universal donor.
AB are codominant to one another therefore the genotype is AB both traits show up, this blood type is the universal recipient.

11. Blood Type

12. Creating the gametes for dihydreds

13. Dihydred cross
2 sets of gene crosses: 2 traits on same gene of passed on together from 1 generation to another

14. Crossing two co-dominant or incomplete dominant
Each parent may only pass on “1 letter(gene) for each of the traits as shown below

15. Sex chromosomes & linked traits
Traits which are on the 23rd pair of chromosomes (the sex determining chromosomes).

16. sex linked abnormality Color blindness

17. Sex linked traits

18. Genetic Testing
Testing is often done to check for the wellness of the offspring
Amniocentesis
Karyotype
Chorionic Villi Sampling
Pedigree

19. Figure 14.17 Testing a fetus for genetic disorders

20. Karyotype

21. Figure 14.14 Pedigree analysis
Attached Earlobes:
A recessive trait
Widow’s Peak:
A dominant trait
Pedigree: Map shows the appearance of a trait in a family tree
= Female Affected by Trait
= Male Affected by Trait
= Male Not Affected by Trait
= Female not affected by Trait

22. Hairy Ear Lobes

23. Albinism

24. Color Blindness

25. Polydactyl

27. Extra Y Male 1: 1000 births Normal in appearance Usually tall
Often exhibit aggressive behavior

29. Trisomy 21 Down’s Syndrome Mental retardation
Flattened facial features
Thick tongue

31. Turner’s Syndrome Short webbed neck Do not mature sexually
99% spontaneously aborted

33. Trisomy 18 Edward’s syndrome Mentally deficient Low set ears
Short sternum
Growth retardation
1: 8000

35. Trisomy 13 Patau Syndrome
Severe malformations of facial and nervous system
mental deficiency
1: 25,000

37. Klinefelter’s Syndrome
Extra X
1: 1000 births
Tall
Lower intelligance
Often infertile
male

39. Cri du Chat Deletion of 5 p Cat like cry feeding problems
low birth weight
severe cognitive, speech, and motor delays.
behavioral problems
unusual facial features.