1. Introduction Psychology Prof. Elham Aljammas Date:15th sept.2014
Prof. Elham Aljammas
Date:15th sept.2014

2. Objectives
1.To understand the meaning of psychology & its correlation to different factors.
2.To Differentiate between normality & Abnormality
3. To determine the criteria that differentiate
normality from abnormality
4 To be familiar with the different methods
used by psychologists

3. Definition :
Psychology:
is defined as the scientific study of human behavior & menta l processes .
Behaviour:
Any response or activity of an organism ,it can be either simple or complex,overt or covert,conscious or unconscious,voluntary or involuntary , rational orirrational.

4. Important people in the Development of psychology
1.Aristotle( BC): Observation in human behavior
2.Charles Darwin( ):Theory of evolution. .
3.Francis Galton ( ):individual differences (father of mental tests).
4.Wilhelm Wundt: ( father of Modern psychology)
5.Hermann Ebbinghaus:reported first experment on Memory(1885)

5. Schools of thought in psychology
1.Structuralism(Edward Titchner):conscious experiences are composed of sensations,feelings &images.
2.Funcionalism(william James):Define mental phenomena or behavior in terms of their functions in man adjusment to his environment.
3.Gestalt psychology:The whole is greater than the sum of its parts(believed that the human mind imposes
meaning to related experiences
4.Behaviorism(John Watson):S-R psychology
5.Psychoanalysis(Sigmund Freud):Behavior is governed by unconscious motive & primitive biological instinct

6. Contemporary approaches
1.Neuoroscience:
2.Psychodynamic
3.Behavioural
4.Humanistic
5.cognitive

7. Fields in psychology 1.Developmental psychology 2.social psychology
3.personality psychology
4.clinical psychology
5.counselling psychology
6.school & educational psychology
7.Industrial psychology
8.Environmental psychology
9Behavioural neuoroscience
10.Expermental psychology
11.Forensic psychology
12.Sport psychology
13.Health psychology
14cross cultural psychology
15.Behavioral Genetics

8. BEHAVIORAL Approach COGNITIVE Approach   PSYCHOLOGY  
BEHAVIORAL Approach COGNITIVE Approach
 
PSYCHOLOGY
 
BIOLOGICAL Approach PSCHOANALYTIC
Approach 
PHENOMENOLOGICAL

10. What Causes Behavior?
Behavior

11. Influence of Heredity & Environment
Nature versus Nurture

12. Mental Processes cannot
Behaviorism
Scientific Psychology should focus on
observable behavior.
Psych the Science of Behavior
Mental Processes cannot
be studied directly
John Watson
( )
Stimulus
Response
Psychology
Ivan Pavlov

13. Criteria to distinguish normal & abnormality behavior Definitions:
Criteria to distinguish normal & abnormality behavior
Definitions:
1.Statistical Definition
Abnormal=away from norm
(e.g.) Height, Weight & intelligence
2. Social Definition
Abnormal = Deviation from social norms or acceptable behavior.
3. Maladaptiveness of behavior:
How the behavior affect the wellbeing of the individual or of the
social group (e.g.) Alcoholic, violence …ect.
4. Personal Distress:
Individual subjective feelings of distress rather than the individual's behavior (e.g.) mental illness.

14. of it, is abnormal.
Normality:
Difficult to define.
The following qualities indicate emotional wellbeing.
1. Efficient perception of realty.
2. An ability to exercise voluntary control over behavior.
3. Self esteem & acceptance (i.e.) appreciate their own self-worth &
feel accepted by those around them.
4. An ability to form affectionate relationship (i.e.) form a close &
satisfying relationship with people.
5. Productivity.
Lack or excess

15. Classifying abnormal behavior:
1.DSMV diagnostic statistical manual
2. ICD10 international classification of dis.s (mental) no.10

16. Psychology(1)
Thank you