1. Thinking About Psychology The Science of Mind and Behavior 3e
Charles T. Blair-Broeker & Randal M. Ernst
PowerPoint Presentation Slides
by Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Worth Publishers, © 2012

2. Development and Learning Domain

3. Learning
A relatively permanent change in behavior caused by experience.
Experience
Practice
Adapt
Associate
Sequence

4. Classical Conditioning
Module 14
Classical Conditioning

5. A strategy for remembering…
Unconditioned = Natural Conditional = Learned

6. Classical Conditioning
A type of learning in which a stimulus gains the power to cause a response.
The stimulus predicts another stimulus that already produces that response
Form of learning by association

7. Stimulus-Response
Stimulus - anything in the environment that one can respond to.
Response – any behavior or action.

8. Stimulus-Response Relationship

9. Stimulus-Response Relationship

10. Ivan Pavlov ( )
Russian physiologist and learning theorist famous for discovery of classical conditioning, in which learning occurs through association.

11. Pavlov’s Research Apparatus

12. Pavlov’s Experiment

13. Acquisition The process of developing a learned response.
The subject learns a new response (CR) to a previously neutral stimulus (CS)

14. Generalization Producing the same response to two similar stimuli.
The more similar the substitute stimulus is to the original used in conditioning, the stronger the generalized response

15. Extinction
In classical conditioning, the diminishing of a learned response after repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus alone.
In classical conditioning, the continual presentation of the CS without the UCS

16. Discrimination
The ability to distinguish between two signals or stimuli and produce different responses.
The subject learns that one stimuli predicts the UCS and the other does not.

17. John Watson Founder of behaviorism,
the theory that psychology should restrict its efforts to studying observable behaviors,
not mental processes

18. Little Albert 11-month-old infant
Watson and Rosalie Rayner, conditioned Albert to be frightened of white rats..PHOBIA?
Led to questions about experimental ethics

19. Little Albert – Before Conditioning

20. Little Albert – During Conditioning

21. Little Albert – After Conditioning

22. Little Albert - Generalization

23. Can you reverse conditioned fear?
Systematic Desensitization
Mary Cover Jones

24. What happened to little Albert?
Little Albert was really Douglas Merritte
Child of Arvilla Irons
Died of brain disorder (Hydrocephalus) when he was six-years old
For more information:

25. Cognition and Biological Predispositions
Module 14: Classical Conditioning

26. Cognition
All mental processes associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering.
What effect does cognition have on learning?

27. Robert Rescorla ( )
a theory that emphasized the importance of cognitive processes in classical conditioning.
Pointed out that subjects had to determine (think) whether the CS was a reliable predictor of the UCS

28. The inability to learn new responses
Martin Seligman
Learned Helplessness?
The inability to learn new responses

29. Taste Aversion
Subjects become classically conditioned to avoid specific tastes, because the tastes are associated with nausea.
John Garcia ( )
Limitations of classical conditioning?