1. Chapter 4 Section 1 Notes

2. The Imperialist Vision
Building Support for Imperialism
Because of nationalism after the Civil War, many Americans did not want to expand to include trade to other nations.
By the first part of the 1880s public opinion began to shift.
John L. Stevens was the American minister to Hawaii and brought marines in to take over for Queen Liliuokalani.

3. Building Support for Imperialism
A Desire for New Markets
European nations were beginning to expand their power overseas – Imperialism
Economic and Political domination of a strong nation over a weaker one.
Reasons for Imperialism
High tariffs reduced trade
Went overseas to sell products
Investment in Europe slowed

4. Building Support for Imperialism cont.
To Protect investments, European nations started controlling territories where they traded.
Protectorate
The imperial power allowed the local rulers to stay in control
The local rulers would have protection
In exchange, local rulers had to govern the way the imperial power told them to

5. A Feeling of Superiority
Social Darwinists argued that when nations compete only the strong survive
This idea was used to expand the US overseas
Anglo-Saxonism
Part of the idea of Manifest Destiny
After reaching the Pacific Ocean, it was the nation’s destiny to expand overseas
Influential Advocates: John Fiske and Josiah Strong

6. Expansion in the Pacific
Even before imperialist ideas became popular, Americans begun expanding across the Pacific Ocean into East Asia
By the 1800s, dozens of ships were going to China each year

7. Perry Opens Japan
Japanese believed that trading with the West would ruin their culture
1852, President Fillmore sent Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan to negotiate a trade treaty
Four American warships entered Yedo Bay (Tokyo Bay)
The Japanese were impressed by the ships of the US and decided they could not compete with the technology

8. Perry Opens Japan cont.
Japan signed a treaty opening the ports of Simoda and Hakodadi to trade on March 31, 1854
Because of this forced trade, Japan began to Westernize in 1868, launching a revolution

9. Annexing Hawaii
As American trade in China and Japan grew, Hawaii became a place where traders would stop to rest
In 1820, a group of missionaries from New England settled in Hawaii
By the mid 1800s there were many sugarcane plantations
Because of a recession that threatened Hawaii, the United States exempted sugarcane from tariffs

10. Annexing Hawaii cont.
When that came up for a renewal in Congress, Hawaii had to grant the US exclusive rights to a naval base at Pearl Harbor
Tensions grew between planters and the government
Congress passed the McKinley Tariff in 1890 to eliminate all duties on sugar caused Hawaii’s economy to suffer
Queen Liliuokalani tried to stop American influence, but she was not powerful enough

11. Relations With Latin America
James G. Blaine led the efforts to sell more American products in Latin America (they were getting most from Europe)
His idea was to have a conference supporting the idea of Pan-Americanism
Two goals: Create a customs union between Latin America and the US which would reduce tariffs. Common system for settling disputes
Disagreement on both ideas but agreement on a Commercial Bureau of the American Republics

12. Building A Modern Navy
Americans were increasingly willing to go to war
Supporters argued for a stronger navy
Captain Alfred T. Mahan best expressed the argument (page 299)
Two powerful Senators were moved by Mahan, Henry Cabot Lodge and Albert J. Beveridge and pushed for construction of a new navy
By the 1890s the United States was on its way to becoming a top naval power

13. In a nutshell… Though the United States no longer wanted to expand,
Hawaii had sugar, stuff that we wanted, so we took it by the hand.
A protectorate is when an imperial power takes over a little place,
Social Darwinists said this was ok because the weak are a disgrace.
The US got Pearl Harbor in an agreement, we viewed, most fair,
We will see why this area was important, why do we even care?
Pan-Americanism built bridges with Latin American and made them our friends,
But the friendship was strained because no one listened to the deal that we made in the end.
We see that our navy is growing extremely strong and important,
This will set the stage for many wars that we will study because we are brilliant.