1. Imperialism
Mr. Schaal

2. Imperialism
U.S. extending its power economically, politically, and militarily over other nations.

3. Economically
Economically- U.S. needs raw materials to produce goods and they need markets to sell them in.

4. Militarily
Militarily- U.S. needs a strong Navy to protect shipping lanes (trade routes) and bases for ships to refuel and re- supply.

5. Politically- U.S. needs to spread democracy.

6. Ethnocentrism
Some people argued that the US had the responsibility to spread Christianity to civilizations around the world with “inferior people” (cultural superiority)

7. American Ideology and Imperialism
Capitalism leads directly to imperialism
Exporting goods is most important.
Intervention in other country’s affairs is permitted to keep markets open.
U.S. survival is threatened if foreign markets are closed.

8. Acquiring Alaska
William Seward—Secretary of State under Lincoln, Johnson
has trouble convincing House to fund purchase
Alaska called “Seward’s Icebox,” “Seward’s Folly”
Why Alaska??

9. Taking Hawaii
Mid-1800s, American-owned sugar plantations 75% of islands’ wealth
1887, U.S. pressures Hawaii to allow naval base at Pearl Harbor
becomes refueling station
1890 McKinley Tariff eliminates duty-free status of Hawaiian sugar
1887, businessmen force King Kalakaua to limit vote to landowners
Queen Liliuokalani tries to remove landowning requirement
With help of marines, business groups overthrow the queen
Set up government headed by Sanford B. Dole

10. Spanish American War Cuba was politically and economically unstable.
The US had millions of dollars invested in Cuba’s sugar market.
Cubans were dependent on US for a stable economy.
Under Spanish rule, Cubans had a history of rebellion. As resentment towards Spain grew, the threat of war escalated.

11. Spanish American War Cont.
Jose Marti- launched a revolution in To provoke American intervention he deliberately destroyed American property including sugar mills and plantations.
1896, General Valeriano Weyler sent to Cuba to restore order
Puts about 300,000 Cubans in concentration camps

12. Yellow Journalism
Reporting that exaggerates the news to attract readers; uses sensational headlines and photos.
Reports of “the butcher” (Weyler) killing innocent children deepened American sympathy for the Cuban revolt.

13. De Lome Letter
President McKinley tried to work things out diplomatically with Spain. All was fine until a letter, written by the Spanish Minister (De Lome) was leaked to the press by a Cuban rebel. The Letter criticized the President.
Americans become very angry with Spain.

14. Sent to protect American Interests in Cuba.
USS Maine
Sent to protect American Interests in Cuba.
It explodes killing 260 Americans
The press blamed Spain.

15. War in The Philippines
First battle with Spain occurs in Spanish colony of the Philippines
Commodore George Dewey destroys Spanish fleet in Manila harbor
Filipino rebels, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, support the U.S.
August 1898, Spanish troops in Manila surrender to U.S

16. Battle of San Juan Hill Rough Riders
Rough Riders— Leonard Wood, Theodore Roosevelt lead volunteer cavalry
Roosevelt declared hero of attack on strategic San Juan Hill
Spanish fleet tries to escape blockade, is destroyed in naval battle
U.S. troops invade Puerto Rico soon after

17. The War “Splendid Little War” Public opinion favored war
Lasted 16 weeks (4 months)
5,400 Americans lost their lives only 385 of those killed in action.
African Americans were not recognized

18. Treaty of Paris Cuba became independent (Spain no longer controls)
Platt amendment- limited foreign interaction and gave US the right to a naval base in Cuba and the power to send troops to keep order.
US gained Puerto Rico and Guam as territories
US annexed the Philippines
Paid 20 million to Spain to have control of the Philippine Islands- 100,000 square miles and 10 million people.
Island would remain independent; however, US would appoint a Governor.
America had an Empire

19. American Empire Puerto Rico and Guam (1898) Panama Canal (1904-1914)
Yellow Fever, Malaria and the bubonic plague are common diseases
Took 9 years to clear the brush and drain swamps
43,000 workers employed
5,600 died from accidents and disease
Cost US government 380 million

20. “Open Door” Policy China
No single nation could have a monopoly on trade with China
Nations reluctantly agreed to abide by this policy.

21. What happened with the open door policy
China was and is considered a vast opportunity for American business to export their goods
Boxer Rebellion
Secret society in China that existed to expunge or get rid of foreign devils from their land

22. Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt fears European intervention if Latin America defaults on loans
Reminds Europeans of Monroe Doctrine, demands they stay out
Roosevelt Corollary—U. S. to use force to protect economic interests

23. Dollar Diplomacy
Early 1900s, U.S. exercises police power on several occasions
Dollar diplomacy— U.S. guarantees foreign loans by U.S. business