1. Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology
Eleventh Edition
Chapter 20
The Heart
Clicker Questions

2. Cardiodynamics refers to the movements and forces generated during _____.
ventricular diastole
atrial diastole
smooth muscle contractions
cardiac contractions
Answer: d

3. Cardiodynamics refers to the movements and forces generated during _____.
ventricular diastole
atrial diastole
smooth muscle contractions
cardiac contractions

4. Which layer of pericardium is equivalent to epicardium?
parietal pericardium
pericardial sac
fibrous pericardium
visceral pericardium
Answer: d

5. Which layer of pericardium is equivalent to epicardium?
parietal pericardium
pericardial sac
fibrous pericardium
visceral pericardium
Answer: d

6. Which of the following is TRUE of cardiac muscle tissue?
Cardiac muscle cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells.
Cardiac muscle is not striated.
Cardiac muscle cells have intercalated discs.
Cardiac muscle cells are multinucleate.
Answer: c

7. Which of the following is TRUE of cardiac muscle tissue?
Cardiac muscle cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells.
Cardiac muscle is not striated.
Cardiac muscle cells have intercalated discs.
Cardiac muscle cells are multinucleate.

8. Why is the left ventricle more muscular than the right ventricle?
It pumps a smaller volume of blood.
It contracts with force sufficient to push blood through the systemic circuit.
The papillary muscles are stronger.
Both A and B are correct.
Answer: b

9. Why is the left ventricle more muscular than the right ventricle?
It pumps a smaller volume of blood.
It contracts with force sufficient to push blood through the systemic circuit.
The papillary muscles are stronger.
Both A and B are correct.

10. Where is the center for cardiovascular control in the ANS?
cardiac plexus
SA and AV nodes
medulla oblongata
cervical and upper thoracic ganglia
Answer: c

11. Where is the center for cardiovascular control in the ANS?
cardiac plexus
SA and AV nodes
medulla oblongata
cervical and upper thoracic ganglia

12. What is the importance of the 100-msec delay at the AV node?
Atria must contract to fill the ventricles with blood.
AV valves must have time to close slowly.
Semilunar valves must have time to close slowly.
Tachycardia results if the delay is absent.
Answer: a

13. What is the importance of the 100-msec delay at the AV node?
Atria must contract to fill the ventricles with blood.
AV valves must have time to close slowly.
Semilunar valves must have time to close slowly.
Tachycardia results if the delay is absent.

14. Why is resting HR somewhat slower than the 80–100 bpm set by the SA node?
The AV node slows the heart to an average between its own rate and that of the SA node.
Parasympathetic effects dominate in a resting individual.
Sympathetic fibers release NE to slow heart rate.
Both A and B are correct.
Answer: b

15. Why is resting HR somewhat slower than the 80–100 bpm set by the SA node?
The AV node slows the heart to an average between its own rate and that of the SA node.
Parasympathetic effects dominate in a resting individual.
Sympathetic fibers release NE to slow heart rate.
Both A and B are correct.

16. How is cardiac output (CO) calculated?
CO mL/min = EDV × HR
CO mL/min = HR bpm × SV mL/beat
CO mL/min = ESV × HR
none of the above
Answer: b

17. How is cardiac output (CO) calculated?
CO mL/min = EDV × HR
CO mL/min = HR bpm × SV mL/beat
CO mL/min = ESV × HR
none of the above

18. During ventricular systole of the cardiac cycle, all of the following would occur EXCEPT _____.
rising ventricular blood pressure would exceed aortic pressure
all heart valves would be closed
atrial diastole would occur as both the atria fill
pressure in ventricles would force the semilunar valves closed
Answer: d

19. During ventricular systole of the cardiac cycle, all of the following would occur EXCEPT _____.
rising ventricular blood pressure would exceed aortic pressure
all heart valves would be closed
atrial diastole would occur as both the atria fill
pressure in ventricles would force the semilunar valves closed

20. When during the cardiac cycle do ventricles contain their maximal amount of blood? What is this quantity called?
at the end of ventricular systole; ESV
at the end of atrial systole; EDV
at the end of ventricular diastole; EDV
both B and C
Answer: d

21. When during the cardiac cycle do ventricles contain their maximal amount of blood? What is this quantity called?
at the end of ventricular systole; ESV
at the end of atrial systole; EDV
at the end of ventricular diastole; EDV
both B and C

22. On an ECG reading, what does the P wave indicate?
ventricular contraction
an abnormal heart condition
atrial depolarization
atrial diastole
Answer: c

23. On an ECG reading, what does the P wave indicate?
ventricular contraction
an abnormal heart condition
atrial depolarization
atrial diastole

24. What event is taking place during the Q–T interval?
a single cycle of the cardiac cycle
an action potential
a single cycle of atrial depolarization and repolarization
a single cycle of ventricular depolarization and repolarization
Answer: d

25. What event is taking place during the Q–T interval?
a single cycle of the cardiac cycle
an action potential
a single cycle of atrial depolarization and repolarization
a single cycle of ventricular depolarization and repolarization

26. What factor could cause an increase in the size of the QRS complex of an electrocardiogram recording?
an increase in heart rate
a decrease in blood volume
a decrease in blood pressure
an increase in heart size
Answer: d

27. What factor could cause an increase in the size of the QRS complex of an electrocardiogram recording?
an increase in heart rate
a decrease in blood volume
a decrease in blood pressure
an increase in heart size

28. What condition contributes to a reduction in the size of the T wave?
long-term high fat intake
damage to the conduction pathway
damage to the AV node
coronary ischemia
Answer: d

29. What condition contributes to a reduction in the size of the T wave?
long-term high fat intake
damage to the conduction pathway
damage to the AV node
coronary ischemia

30. Why is there no wave corresponding to atrial repolarization on an ECG reading?
It is masked by the QRS complex.
Atrial repolarization produces no electrical effect at all.
It is masked by the P wave.
None of the above are correct.
Answer: a

31. Why is there no wave corresponding to atrial repolarization on an ECG reading?
It is masked by the QRS complex.
Atrial repolarization produces no electrical effect at all.
It is masked by the P wave.
None of the above are correct.

32. Which of the following affect(s) the rate of venous return?
cardiac output
stroke volume
blood testosterone levels
both A and B
Answer: d

33. Which of the following affect(s) the rate of venous return?
cardiac output
stroke volume
blood testosterone levels
both A and B

34. How is eversion of the AV valves and backflow of blood into the atria prevented?
pressure of blood pushing against the valves
contraction of the ventricles
closure of the semilunar valves
tightening of chordae tendineae and contraction of papillary muscles
Answer: d

35. How is eversion of the AV valves and backflow of blood into the atria prevented?
pressure of blood pushing against the valves
contraction of the ventricles
closure of the semilunar valves
tightening of chordae tendineae and contraction of papillary muscles

36. Doris was born with a malformed pulmonary valve
Doris was born with a malformed pulmonary valve. How will that affect her circulation?
Blood will flow more efficiently into her pulmonary trunk.
Blood will regurgitate into her right atrium.
Blood will flow back into her right ventricle.
Oxygenated blood will continuously pass around her pulmonary circuit.
Answer: c

37. Doris was born with a malformed pulmonary valve
Doris was born with a malformed pulmonary valve. How will that affect her circulation?
Blood will flow more efficiently into her pulmonary trunk.
Blood will regurgitate into her right atrium.
Blood will flow back into her right ventricle.
Oxygenated blood will continuously pass around her pulmonary circuit.

38. Grandpa has developed a radiating pain in his chest upon raking leaves
Grandpa has developed a radiating pain in his chest upon raking leaves. Which medication might be given to offer prompt relief?
propranolol, which is a beta 2 blocking medication
nitroglycerin, which is a vasodilator of coronary vessels
a fibrinolytic agent to decrease hemostasis
none of the above
Answer: b

39. Grandpa has developed a radiating pain in his chest upon raking leaves
Grandpa has developed a radiating pain in his chest upon raking leaves. Which medication might be given to offer prompt relief?
propranolol, which is a beta 2 blocking medication
nitroglycerin, which is a vasodilator of coronary vessels
a fibrinolytic agent to decrease hemostasis
none of the above

40. How does damage to the cardioinhibitory center of the medulla affect heart rate? Why?
Heart rate increases; sympathetic dominance
Heart rate decreases; parasympathetic dominance
Heart rate remains unchanged; autonomic tone makes delicate adjustments
Heart rate increases; only the SA node will be controlling heart rate
Answer: a

41. How does damage to the cardioinhibitory center of the medulla affect heart rate? Why?
Heart rate increases; sympathetic dominance
Heart rate decreases; parasympathetic dominance
Heart rate remains unchanged; autonomic tone makes delicate adjustments
Heart rate increases; only the SA node will be controlling heart rate

42. Which blood vessels bring blood back into the right atrium?
foramen ovale
superior and inferior venae cavae
superior and inferior venae cavae and coronary sinus
pulmonary veins
Answer: c

43. Which blood vessels bring blood back into the right atrium?
foramen ovale
superior and inferior venae cavae
superior and inferior venae cavae and coronary sinus
pulmonary veins

44. What is the effect of ACh binding to cholinergic receptors?
increases vasoconstriction
decreases force of cardiac contraction
increases heart rate
both A and C
Answer: b

45. What is the effect of ACh binding to cholinergic receptors?
increases vasoconstriction
decreases force of cardiac contraction
increases heart rate
both A and C

46. Benjamin has an EDV of 120 mL and an ESV of 45 mL, which gives him an SV of 75 mL. What is his ejection fraction?
45 percent
75 percent
37.5 percent
63 percent
Answer: d

47. Benjamin has an EDV of 120 mL and an ESV of 45 mL, which gives him an SV of 75 mL. What is his ejection fraction?
45 percent
75 percent
37.5 percent
63 percent

48. Frank has just run a marathon, and his heart is beating extremely rapidly. What happens to the length of diastole and filling time?
Both increase.
Both decrease.
Length of diastole increases and filling time decreases.
Length of diastole decreases and filling time increases.
Answer: b

49. Frank has just run a marathon, and his heart is beating extremely rapidly. What happens to the length of diastole and filling time?
Both increase.
Both decrease.
Length of diastole increases and filling time decreases.
Length of diastole decreases and filling time increases.

50. Why is ESV lower when you are actively exercising?
SV decreases and filling time increases.
EDV is very low and ventricular muscle is stretched very little.
EDV increases and ventricular muscle produces more forceful contractions, ejecting more blood.
Parasympathetic stimulation causes it.
Answer: c

51. Why is ESV lower when you are actively exercising?
SV decreases and filling time increases.
EDV is very low and ventricular muscle is stretched very little.
EDV increases and ventricular muscle produces more forceful contractions, ejecting more blood.
Parasympathetic stimulation causes it.

52. What is the most important factor in considering cardiac function over time?
cardiac output
heart rate
stroke volume
end systolic volume
Answer: a

53. What is the most important factor in considering cardiac function over time?
cardiac output
heart rate
stroke volume
end systolic volume