1. Promoting resilience of UK tree species to novel pests and pathogens:
ecological and evolutionary solutions

2. Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative
1. Population structure and natural selection in the Chalara ash dieback fungus
2. Identifying genomic resources in Fraxinus 
3. Biological pest control of insect pests that threaten tree health
4. New approaches for the early detection of tree health pests and pathogens 
5. Promoting resilience of UK tree species to novel pests and pathogens: ecological and evolutionary solutions 
6. Modelling economic impact of strategies to increase resilience against tree disease outbreaks
7. Understanding public risk concerns: social perception, interpretation and communication of tree health risks 
Comment on proliferation of use of term

3. Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative
1. Population structure and natural selection in the Chalara ash dieback fungus
2. Identifying genomic resources in Fraxinus 
3. Biological pest control of insect pests that threaten tree health
4. New approaches for the early detection of tree health pests and pathogens 
5. Promoting resilience of UK tree species to novel pests and pathogens: ecological and evolutionary solutions 
6. Modelling economic impact of strategies to increase resilience against tree disease outbreaks
7. Understanding public risk concerns: social perception, interpretation and communication of tree health risks 
ASH DIEBACK
Comment on proliferation of use of term

4. Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative
1. Population structure and natural selection in the Chalara ash dieback fungus
2. Identifying genomic resources in Fraxinus 
3. Biological pest control of insect pests that threaten tree health
4. New approaches for the early detection of tree health pests and pathogens 
5. Promoting resilience of UK tree species to novel pests and pathogens: ecological and evolutionary solutions 
6. Modelling economic impact of strategies to increase resilience against tree disease outbreaks
7. Understanding public risk concerns: social perception, interpretation and communication of tree health risks 
ASH DIEBACK
METHODS
Comment on proliferation of use of term

5. Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative
1. Population structure and natural selection in the Chalara ash dieback fungus
2. Identifying genomic resources in Fraxinus 
3. Biological pest control of insect pests that threaten tree health
4. New approaches for the early detection of tree health pests and pathogens 
5. Promoting resilience of UK tree species to novel pests and pathogens: ecological and evolutionary solutions 
6. Modelling economic impact of strategies to increase resilience against tree disease outbreaks
7. Understanding public risk concerns: social perception, interpretation and communication of tree health risks 
ASH DIEBACK
METHODS
Comment on proliferation of use of term
TREE SPECIES

6. Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative
1. Population structure and natural selection in the Chalara ash dieback fungus
2. Identifying genomic resources in Fraxinus 
3. Biological pest control of insect pests that threaten tree health
4. New approaches for the early detection of tree health pests and pathogens 
5. Promoting resilience of UK tree species to novel pests and pathogens: ecological and evolutionary solutions 
6. Modelling economic impact of strategies to increase resilience against tree disease outbreaks
7. Understanding public risk concerns: social perception, interpretation and communication of tree health risks 
ASH DIEBACK
METHODS
Comment on proliferation of use of term
TREE SPECIES
SOCIAL & ECONOMIC FACTORS

7. Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative
1. Population structure and natural selection in the Chalara ash dieback fungus
2. Identifying genomic resources in Fraxinus 
3. Biological pest control of insect pests that threaten tree health
4. New approaches for the early detection of tree health pests and pathogens 
5. Promoting resilience of UK tree species to novel pests and pathogens: ecological and evolutionary solutions 
6. Modelling economic impact of strategies to increase resilience against tree disease outbreaks
7. Understanding public risk concerns: social perception, interpretation and communication of tree health risks 
ASH DIEBACK
METHODS
Comment on proliferation of use of term
TREE SPECIES
SOCIAL & ECONOMIC FACTORS

8. Tree species Extended phenotype Organisms associated with tree
Genotype
Genetics of an individual tree
All measurable traits of a tree
varies with
genotype,
environment
Organisms associated with tree

9. Rationale Want to protect species, but:
Many different known pests / diseases
Unknown threats
Changing conditions

10. Rationale Want to protect species, but:
Many different known pests / diseases
Unknown threats
Changing conditions
So, increase resilience:
Reduce susceptibility:
Increase number of resistant genotypes
allow adaptation
Reduce tree stress
Match tree to environment
Find ways to manage this

11. PROTREE Objectives Using Scots pine as a case study
Identify variation in 3 key threat species:
Present, widespread
Present, localised
Not present, potential
Measure variation in host tree species.
Find management options for increasing resilience.

12. Experiment 1: Evolution of Dothistroma Needle Blight (DNB)
Photo: Annika Perry

13. Experiment 2: Variation in resistance to DNB in Scots Pine
Photo: Annika Perry

14. Experiment 3: Variation in resistance to Pine pitch canker in Scots Pine
Photo: Steve Woodward

15. Experiment 4: Variation in resistance to Pinetree Lappet Moth in Scots Pine
© Crown Copyright Forestry Commission

16. Experiment 5: Genetic diversity in Scots pine
YAIR
Warm
Dry
GLENSAUGH
INVEREWE
Scots pine common garden experiment
21 source populations
3 planting sites
Figure: Glenn Iason