1. Introduction to the course
BTS330
Introduction to the course

2. Today
What is BTS330?
BTS330 Outline
BTS330 Class Standards

3. Today
What is BTS330?
BTS330 Outline
BTS330 Class Standards

4. Today
What is BTS330?
BTS330 Outline
BTS330 Class Standards

5. Today How Businesses Work What is a System Types of Systems
Software Development
Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems Courses
The Role of the Systems Analyst

6. How Businesses Work Types of Businesses: Retail Finance Insurance
Manufacturing
Marketing
etc
Look up:
manufacture

7. How Businesses Work Business Areas
The organizational areas needed to support a business.
These can to equate to departments
i.e. Accounting/Finance, Human Resources, Inventory, Sales
An organizational structure is made up of executives, middle management, supervisory management and staff.
Look up:
Organizational structure
Hierarchical
Functional organization
Informal organization
Line organization
Strategic business unit

8. How Businesses Work Organizational Roles to Support the Business:
Operational staff
Management

9. How Businesses Work Organizational Roles to Support the Business:
Operational
The individuals involved in the day to day processing of transactions I.e. Bank Tellers; Mutual Fund Sales People; Sales Associates; Inventory Control Clerks

10. How Businesses Work Organizational Roles to Support the Business:
Management
Executives (Top Management)
Those that make strategic and day to day decisions
Middle Management
Those that make tactical and day to day decisions
Lower Management
Supervisory personnel who make day to day decisions

11. How Businesses Work
The personnel in the organizational roles for each business area are the individuals who provide the information needed to understand what is required for development of automated computer systems.

12. Businesses Terminology
Retail
Inventory Control, Point of Sale
Marketing
Production, Advertising
Banking
Retail, merchant, branch, self-service
Insurance
Life, wholesale, liability
Look up:
Point of sale
Inventory control

13. Today How Businesses Work What is a System Types of Systems
Software Development
Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems Courses
The Role of the Systems Analyst

14. What is a system?
A combination of hardware and software that meets the needs of a business.
A collection of inter-related components that collect, process, store and provide as output the information needed to complete business tasks and to make business decisions.

15. What is a system? Characteristics of a system*
It exists in an environment
It is separated from its environment by some kind of boundary
It has inputs and outputs which come from, or are sent to the environment
It has interfaces (allows communication between two systems)
It can have sub-systems (which are also systems)
*Object-Oriented Systems Analysis & Design using UML, 1999 pages 5-6

16. What is a system? What the system does System Boundary Inputs Outputs
Control
Feedback
Feed-forward
How the system
is controlled
*Object-Oriented Systems Analysis & Design using UML, 1999 pages 5-6

17. Today How Businesses Work What is a System Types of Systems
Software Development
Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems Courses
The Role of the Systems Analyst

18. Types of systems? Operational (Transaction Processing) Systems
Take care of the day-to-day processing of the business: POS; Stock Trading; air line reservations, etc
Information about the transactions that affect the organization are captured and recorded

19. Types of systems? Management Information Systems
Uses operational systems’ information to give management the information needed to make management decisions
Customer Support; Inventory Management, etc

20. Types of systems? Executive Information Systems
Provide information to executives on how their company is doing relative to the industry

21. Types of systems? Decision Support Systems
Systems that allow a user to explore the impact of available options or decisions
‘What if’ analysis

22. Types of systems? Expert Systems
Simulate human reasoning and decision-making.
Artificial Intelligence.

23. Types of systems? E-Commerce Systems
Online browsing, sales and ordering

24. Types of systems?
Gaming Systems
Interactive
Role playing

25. Types of systems? Office Systems
Productivity tools available to employees on a desk top.
Electronic Mail, Word Processing, Database Management, Spreadsheets, Desktop Publishing, Presentation Graphics and so on.

26. Today How Businesses Work What is a System Types of Systems
Software Development
Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems Courses
The Role of the Systems Analyst

27. What is Software Development?
Software Development is needed to turn manual processes into automated processes or to improve/enhance existing automated processes. (

28. History of Software Development
1970s/1980s: Mainframe
Centralized processing
1980s/1990s: MidRange
Centralized/Distributed processing
1990s: Client/Server
Data Warehousing (
Distributed processing (

29. Software Development Approaches
Summary of approaches:
Structured
Worked well for centralized processing applications
Object Oriented
Works for GUI and web solutions

30. Software Development Approaches
Structured
Based on the functions that a system needs to perform
Development is rigid: does not allow for changes easily without significant impact to a project deadline
Components do not tend to be reusable: solution developed is for a specific set of functions (which usually aren’t shared)

31. Software Development Approaches
Object Oriented
Based on the interaction that happens between ‘objects’
Considers the functions the system needs to perform, however - allows for reusability or sharing of code (a dialogue box construct is the same across applications)
Focuses on object technology such as multimedia or graphical user interface systems

32. Typical IS applications Organizational Unit Responsible for Developing
Information Systems
IS Planning
Level
Type of planning
Typical IS applications
Organizational Unit Responsible for Developing
Strategic
Strategies in support of organizational long-term objectives
Market and sales analysis, Product planning, Performance evaluation
Senior Management/ Executives
Tactical
Policies in support of short-term goals and resource allocation
Budget analysis, Salary forecasting, Inventory scheduling, Customer service
Middle Management
Operational
Day-to-day staff activities and production support
Payroll, Invoicing, Purchasing, Accounting
Lower Management; Operational

33. Information Systems Need for software development:
Environments are rapidly changing
New technologies are frequently introduced
Companies merge and need to combine their systems
Government legislation

34. Software Development - Typical Solutions
Developed in-house
Software Package
Outsourced

35. Today How Businesses Work What is a System Types of Systems
Software Development
Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems Courses
The Role of the Systems Analyst

36. Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
A methodology that organizes the activities of a project
Followed by a Systems Analyst to do software development

37. System Development Life Cycle
The system under development is refined and transformed through analysis, design, code and test phases – details are added in successive iterations (changes and improvements are introduced as needed) and incremental releases of software modules are delivered.
System Design – Developing Information Systems Using UML by Leszek A. Maciaszek (page 5, 2001)

38. System Development Life Cycle
Analysis (Requirements Gathering):
Systems requirements are determined, defined and documented
Looks at functions (at a high level) and the data that will be used
Defines ‘what the system is to do’
Deliverables:
Business Use Case Diagrams/Descriptions
System Use Case Diagrams/Descriptions
Activity Diagrams
Initial User Interfaces (inputs and outputs)
Casual Use Case Specifications (Scenarios)
Domain Class Diagram

39. System Development Life Cycle
Design:
Architecture (what platform will the solution be developed on)
Integrates the user interfaces with the data more clearly
Defines ‘how the system will do it’
Deliverables:
Class diagrams – Domain and Design
More detailed user interfaces (inputs and outputs)
More Detailed Scenarios
Sequence diagrams

40. System Development Life Cycle
Code and Test:
Code and install system
Define and create databases
Defines ‘the system’
Deliverables:
Program code and documentation
Tested, working system

41. System Development Life Cycle
Implementation:
The working system is delivered
Deliverables:
Hardware
Databases
Data Converted
Software installed
Support processes implemented

42. Today How Businesses Work What is a System Types of Systems
Software Development
Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems Courses
The Role of the Systems Analyst

43. Why Systems Courses?
Software Development implies developing some software – but it isn’t just about coding programs
Software Development entails understanding the problem to be solved, understanding how a business operates and understanding that the solution to be developed will be of value to the business
The Systems stream of courses provide the knowledge of the steps that need to be followed to successfully create a software solution from the inception of the idea to a working, fully operational system

44. Today How Businesses Work What is a System Types of Systems
Software Development
Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems Courses
The Role of the Systems Analyst

45. Systems Analyst
A business professional involved in the development of a computerized solution to a business problem – participates in a project team (
Requires extensive technical, business and people knowledge, communication, business and technical skills
Is fundamentally curious to explore how things are done with a desire to make them work better

46. Systems Analyst Focuses on understanding the business problem
Focuses on the approach to be taken to solve the business problem

47. Problem Solving Approach
Research and understand the problem
Verify that the benefits of solving the problem outweigh the costs
Develop a set of possible solutions (alternatives)
Decide which solution is best and make a recommendation
Define the details of the chosen solution
Develop and implement the solution
Monitor to make sure that you obtain the desired results

48. Systems Analyst
“Must thoroughly understand the problem the system will solve”

49. Systems Analyst Skills
Technical Knowledge and Skills
Business Knowledge and Skills
People Knowledge and Skills
Integrity & Ethics

50. Systems Analyst Skills
Technical Knowledge and Skills
Computers and how they work
Devices that interact with computers, including input devices, storage devices, and output devices
Communications networks that connect computers
Databases and database management systems
Programming languages
Operating systems and utilities
Tools and techniques for developing systems

51. Systems Analyst Skills
Technical Knowledge and Skills
Tools and techniques for developing systems
Tools are software products that help develop analysis or design specifications and completed system components
Microsoft Access, PowerBuilder for developing systems
Integrated development environments (IDE’s) for specific programming languages (Java, C++)
CASE tools to store information about system specifications (Rational Rose)
Program code generators, testing tools, project management tools (to name a few)

52. Systems Analyst Skills
Technical Knowledge and Skills
Tools and techniques for developing systems
Techniques are used to complete specific system development activities
Project planning techniques
Systems analysis techniques
Systems design techniques
System construction and implementation techniques
System support techniques

53. Systems Analyst Skills
Business Knowledge and Skills
What the specific organization does
What makes it successful
What its strategies and plans are
What are its traditions and values are

54. Systems Analyst Skills
People Knowledge and Skills
How people think
How people learn
How people react to change
How people communicate
How people work (in a variety of jobs and levels)
Must be able to listen well

55. Typical Job Titles and Places of Employment
Programmer analyst
Business systems analyst
System liaison
End-user analyst
Business consultant
Business systems consultant
Systems consultant
System support analyst
System designer
Software engineer
System architect