1. Do Now 5/12
You will get 5 minutes to work on worm lab (it should be done already…)

2. The Vertebrate Animals

3. All Vertebrates are Chordates Phylum chordata!
Chordates ALL have 4 characteristics sometime during their lives
a notochord
nerve cord
gill slits
a tail

4. 99% of chordates are vertebrates - Characteristics of Vertebrates
Bilateral Symmetry with 2 pairs of appendages,
cephalization (sense organs concentrated in a head region)
True body cavity
closed circulatory system.
Endoskeleton including a vertebral column
Well developed body systems.

5. Classes of Vertebrates
Jawless fish
Cartilaginous Fishes
Bony Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals

6. Jawless Fish Primitive, no paired fins no bone, all cartilage
Lamprey – a parasite
Hagfish – scavenger, also called slime eel.

7. Cartilage Fish Sharks, skates, rays 750 species Ventral mouth
Spiral valve increases surface area
Massive liver (up to half body weight)
skin with tooth-like scales

8. Bony Fish 20-30,000 species Appeared 400 million years ago
Cold blooded, flat scales, swim bladder
gills and gill cover
Most lay eggs
eyes usually on the side of the head

9. Amphibians 2000 species, appeared 350 million years ago.
Cold-blooded, moist skin, lungs, no claws
Lay jellylike eggs
Life cycle includes a larval stage
90% are frogs and toads

10. Reptiles 6500 species, appeared 300 million years ago.
Cold-blooded, hard shelled eggs, internal fertilization
Body covered with scales.
Include crocodilians, lizards and snakes, turtles and the tuatara

11. Birds 8600 species, appeared 130 million years ago.
Warm blooded, 4 chambered heart
Feathered dinosaurs
Feathers, crop, oil glands, hollow bones, fused skeleton---all adaptations for flight.

12. Mammals First appeared 180 million years ago
4500 species, most are placental.
2 primitive orders; monotremes and marsupials
Diaphragm, hair, mammary glands, lips, different kinds of teeth, external ears, three internal ear bones.

13. Under Classes of Vertebrates put the number of the picture you think it is.3 1 6 2 4 7 5

14. Amphibian
The word "amphibian" is derived from a Ancient Greek term which means "both kinds of lifeThe term was initially used as a general adjective for animals that could live on land or in water, including seals and otters.

15. Amphibian Characteristics
are vertebrates.
are cold-blooded. They cannot regulate their own body temperature.
spend at poikilothermic-least part of their lives in water and on land.
do not have scales and their skin is permeable (molecules and gases can pass through).
have gills for at least part of their lives. Some species have gills only as larvae, while others can have gills throughout their lives.
Most go through metamorphosis

16. Exit Ticket 1. Give 2 examples of the Phyla of vertebrates.
What Phyla does frogs fall under?

17. Circulatory System
Amphibians have a juvenile stage and an adult stage, and the circulatory systems of the two are distinct
In the juvenile (or tadpole) stage, the circulation is similar to that of a fish; the two-chambered heart pumps the blood through the gills where it is oxygenated, and is spread around the body and back to the heart in a single loop.

18. Circulatory system
In the adult stage, amphibians (especially frogs) lose their gills and develop lungs. They have a heart that consists of a single ventricle and two atria. When the ventricle starts contracting, deoxygenated blood is pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Continued contraction then pumps oxygenated blood around the rest of the body. Mixing of the two bloodstreams is minimized by the anatomy of the chambers

19. Anatomy of the Frog Heart

20. Locomotion
there are four digits on the fore foot and five on the hind foot.
the hind legs are larger than the fore legs
Swim, Jump and walk

21. Frog Jumping

22. Nervous System
The frog has a highly developed nervous system that consists of a brain, spinal cord and nerves.
Many parts of the frog's brain correspond with those of humans.

23. Sensory
Sight
The eyes are located on either side of the head near the top and project outwards as hemispherical bulges. They provide binocular vision over a field of 100° to the front and a total visual field of almost 360°
Each eye has closable upper and lower lids and a nictitating membrane which provides further protection, especially when the frog is swimming

24. Sensory Hearing Frogs can hear both in the air and below water.
They do not have external ears; the eardrums (tympanic membranes) are directly exposed or may be covered by a layer of skin and are visible as a circular area just behind the eye

25. Calling Why frogs call? To attract a mate.
How else would you find a lover in the dark of night?
Frogs will call during their mating season in the spring, then quiet down for the summer and fall.

26. Frog Call

27. Skin
protective, can absorb water, helps control body temperature and has a respiratory function.
It has many glands, particularly on the head and back, The secretion is often sticky and helps keep the skin moist, protects against the entry of molds and bacteria, and make the animal slippery and more able to escape from predators.
The skin is shed every few weeks. It usually splits down the middle of the back and across the belly, and the frog pulls its arms and legs free. The sloughed skin is then worked towards the head where it is quickly eaten

28. Skin Has a respiratory function
Many frogs are able to absorb water and oxygen directly through the skin, especially around the pelvic area,
but the permeability of a frog's skin can also result in water loss.
Glands located all over the body exude mucus which helps keep the skin moist and reduces evaporation.

29. Reproduction external and aquatic
The reproduction takes place after hibernation, usually between March and July.
Females lay the eggs once a year in densely packed clusters.

30. Reproduction
Normally, the eggs are laid so that they are attached to some sort of aquatic vegetation
The eggs typically hatch within 2-14 days, but can vary depending on the temperature of the water they were laid in.
The tadpoles transform into frogs within 3 to 6 months, this process is called metamorphosis.