1. World Bank Land and Poverty Conference, 24th March 2017 Washington DC
Governance and tenure of mangroves: Lessons from a global review
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Esther Mwangi, Mani Ram Banjade, Baruani Mshale, Tuti Herawati, Nining Liswanti, Steve Lawry
World Bank Land and Poverty Conference, 24th March 2017
Washington DC

2. Outline Rationale & purpose Method Key findings Management authority
Legal & institutional frameworks
Tenure
Gender
Rehabilitation efforts
Lessons
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3. (Source: Cahrley Cameron, 2015))
Justification
More information on biophysical aspects of mangrove management
Less attention on governance and tenure aspects
Major causes of mangrove decline have been anthropogenic
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(Source: Cahrley Cameron, 2015))

4. Purpose
General picture of legal & governance frameworks for use and management of mangrove forests globally
Identify gaps and challenges
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5. Method November, 2015 to February, 2016
Peer reviewed literature supplemented by grey literature from specialized sources
Year 2000 to 2016
English language
A total of 111 articles were reviewed
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6. Findings
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Findings

7. Authority over mangrove management
Vested in state institutions; protection as a central objective
Single line agency eg forestry
Where multiple ministries have responsibilities for mangroves; overlapping, ambiguities >> conflict; fragmentation
Ambiguous authority results in mangrove management
Lack of targeted/dedicated support
Frameworks and mechanisms for enabling multi-sectoral coordination across agencies and governance levels are uncommon
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8. Legal and policy frameworks
laws and policies have not specific to management requirements of mangroves
protection/non-consumptive vs mixed protection & use vs multiple use regimes
enforcement is constrainedby inadequate personnel, capacities, and budgets
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9. Tenure government-led protection is the main approach
BUT transitioning; experimentation in mangrove management
is increasing; multiple types of regulated uses subsistence & consumptive use (eg timber logging)
tenure models that accord full ownership or longer-term rights appear to be more effective in mangrove conservation
co-management also for better outcomes in terms of mangrove rehabilitation and management
customary rights are not respected or recognized
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10. Gender
gender equity is a missing element in mangrove conservation and management
role of women in mangrove utilization and management is seldom recognized, and their representation in decision-making bodies is minimal
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(Source: Sophie Mbugua, 2015)

11. Conclusions
tenure transition: various kinds and ranges of rights have been granted to lower-level entities, including households and communities
development of an inter-sectoral coordination mechanism that works
legislation or policies governing community-based forestry, should integrate specific stipulations on mangrove management and governance
research into the effects of tenure on rehabilitation
assessment of how coordination mechanisms and national mangrove management plans have been created and how they operate
stronger knowledge base on gender differentiation can support the design of tailored laws, policies, and institutions to promote gender equity and social inclusion
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12. Thank you!