1. The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914)
Lesson 2 European Colonies in Africa

2. The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914)
Lesson 2 European Colonies in Africa
Learning Objectives
Describe the forces that shaped Africa in the early 1800s.
Explain why European contact with Africa increased.
Analyze how European nations carved up Africa.
Describe African resistance to imperialism.

3. The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914)
Lesson 2 European Colonies in Africa
Key Terms
Usman dan Fodio
Shaka.
paternalistic
David Livingstone,
Henry Stanley
Leopold II
Boer War,
Samori Touré
Yaa Asantewaa
Nehanda
Menelik II,
elite,

4. North Africa was ruled by the weakening Ottoman Empire.
Africa Before Imperialism
Between 1870 and 1914, Britain, France, Germany, and other European powers scrambled to carve up the African continent. They set up dozens of colonies and ruled over the lives of millions of people. Although people in Africa resisted, they could not hold back the tide of European conquest.
Africans lived in small villages, large centralized states, and were nomads.
North Africa was ruled by the weakening Ottoman Empire.
(West Africa) Usman dan Fodio (Fulani), created several new Muslim states built on farming, trade, and herding.
Fodio’s success inspired new leaders to set up new states in West Africa.
Asantes controlled several small states that looked to other protectors to help them defeat the Asantes.
East Africans traded in the Persian Gulf and Red

5. Sea.(slaves, ivory, and copper)
Africa Before Imperialism
Sea.(slaves, ivory, and copper)
South Africa was dominated by the Zulu (Shaka) who conquered much of South Africa.
Boers (Dutch) escaped British rule (Great Trek) and came into contact with the Zulu.
Boers conquered the Zulu because of superior weapons.
During the 1800’s European nations gradually outlaw the slave trade. (Back to Africa)
Arab and African slave traders continued into the 1800’s.

6. Africa Before Imperialism
North Africa
Islamic Conquest in West Africa
East Africa
Southern Africa
Impact of the Slave Trade

7. Africa Before Imperialism
When Europeans arrived in Tanzania, they encountered small village communities like this Utiri village.

8. European Contact Increases
From the 1400s through the 1700s, Europeans traded along the African coast, but they knew very little about the continent. They relied on Africans to bring slaves and trade goods, such as ivory and gold, from the interior to their trading posts on the coast.
European interest in Africa increased which was spurred on by trading companies and a desire for adventure, Europeans explored the rivers of Africa.
Medicine and river steamships helped Europeans ability to resist African disease and travel inland.
Mungo Park and Richard Burton mapped the course and sources of the great African rivers such as the Niger, the Nile, and the Congo.
Missionaries built schools, medical clinics, and focused attention of the evils of the slave trade.
They urged Africans to reject their own culture in favor of Western culture.

9. He discovered Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River
European Contact Increases
Dr. Livingstone wrote less biased accounts of his experience in Africa.
He discovered Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River

10. European Contact Increases
Explorers Push into Africa’s Interior
Missionaries Follow Explorers
Livingstone’s Explorations

11. European Contact Increases
Europeans began trading along the African coast in the 1500s. Centuries later, they began moving into the continent’s interior.

12. Leopold’s activities in the Congo set off a scramble by other nations.
European Nations Scramble for Colonies
Shortly after Stanley met up with Livingstone, King Leopold II of Belgium hired Stanley to explore the Congo River basin and arrange trade treaties with African leaders. Publicly, Leopold spoke of a civilizing mission to carry the light “that for millions of men still plunged in barbarism will be the dawn of a better era.” Privately, he dreamed of conquest and profit.
Leopold’s activities in the Congo set off a scramble by other nations.
Soon Britain, France, and Germany had rival claims in Africa.
The Berlin Conference was held to avoid bloodshed in Africa among European nations.
Terms of the Berlin Conference: 1)European powers recognized Leopold’s private claims to the Congo Free State but called for free trade on the Congo and Niger rivers.
2) European powers could not claim any part of Africa unless they set up a government office.

13. During the next 20 years, European nations sought to colonize most of Africa.
European powers partitioned Africa, carved out their claims, and established new borders and frontiers with little regard to traditions or ethnic boundaries of African people.
Leopold exploited the Congo, so it was turned over to the Belgium government, so the worst abuses ended.
France took Algeria, Tunisia, and colonies in West and Central Africa.
Britain took colonies in East and West Africa, Sudan, and Southern Africa.
Cecil Rhodes helped Britain extend its empire (Rhodesia).

14. The discovery of gold and diamonds in Southern Africa led to the Boer War. (between the Dutch and the Boers).
Portugal: Angola and Mozambique Italy: Libya and the southern end of the Red Sea. Germany: Namibia, Tanzania, Cameroon, and Togo

15. European Nations Scramble for Colonies
The Berlin Conference
Leopold’s Horror in the Congo
France Expands Its Territory
Britain’s Share
The Boer War
Others Nations Join the Scramble

16. European Nations Scramble for Colonies
Analyze Maps One goal of British imperialists in Africa was to gain control “from Cairo to the Cape” (South Africa). Which colony stood in the way of that plan? Which European country controlled that colony?

17. European Nations Scramble for Colonies
A major resource that the Belgians wanted from the Congo was rubber. Cite Evidence What evidence in the photo indicates that these rubber workers were slaves?

18. African Resistance
Europeans met armed resistance across the continent. In North Africa, the Algerians fought French expansion for years. In West Africa, Samori Touré (sah MAWR ee too RAY) fought French forces. Elsewhere in West Africa, the Ibo and Fulani struggled for years against the British advance. In southern Africa, the Zulus resisted British domination, handing them several grave defeats before the British finally succeeded.

19. African Resistance Women Leaders of the Resistance
Ethiopia Remains Independent
Resistance Against Germany
A New African Elite

20. African Resistance
French troops capture the city of Mascara in December 1835, during the French–Algerian War. Infer What advantages do the Algerian troops have? What advantages do the French troops have?

21. Quiz: Africa Before Imperialism
Which BEST describes the forces that shaped Africa in the early 1800s?
A. In the west and south, different groups battled for control; in the north, the old power structure was crumbling.
B. In the north, the old power structure was crumbling; Europeans controlled all other areas.
C. In the north and east, the slave trade was still active; Muslims dominated the south and west.
D. In the south, the old kingdoms were fighting against the Muslims; in the east and west, the slave trade was still active.

22. Quiz: European Contact Increases
What was the role of missionaries in the colonization of Africa?
A. They paved the way for explorers to claim African colonies for European countries.
B. They educated Africans in European ways and helped to weaken African native cultures.
C. They followed explorers, took African lands, and sold them to European companies.
D. They fought the institution of African slavery in Europe.

23. Quiz: European Nations Scramble for Colonies
How did the Berlin Conference decide Africa’s fate?
A. It set up a system of rule by local native peoples over all African regions that were controlled by Europeans.
B. It gave the Germans the right to colonize most of East Africa.
C. It set new rules for the settlement and development of colonies in Africa.
D. It allowed European countries to sell slaves anywhere they wanted.

24. Quiz: African Resistance
How did the experiences of the Asante and the Ethiopians differ from one another in the late 1800s?
A. The Asante were ruled by the English; the Ethiopians were ruled by the Italians.
B. The Asante fought and defeated the English; the Ethiopians fought and defeated the Italians.
C. The Asante were conquered by the English; the Ethiopians were successful in their fight against the Italians.
D. The Asante were successful in their fight against the English; the Ethiopians were conquered by the Italians.