1. Past Tense Verbs

2. Past Tense Verbs
Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action finished in the past; could be
Single event, or
Set or sequence of events
Examples:
Two years ago, we traveled to Japan.
She washed her car yesterday.
We did not (didn't) travel to Korea.
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?

3. Past Tense Verbs
Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action finished in the past; can include duration (i.e., continue for a time)
Examples:
I lived in Brazil for two years.
Kristy studied German for five months in Germany.
They sat at the beach all day.
We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.

4. Past Tense Verbs How does the Simple Past differ from Past Perfect?
Simple past is “simply” a statement about the past; it does not relate or compare the statement to a specific point in time – or more precisely to another event at a specific point in time
I lived in Brazil for two years.
I had lived in Brazil for two years before I saw the Amazon River.
Kristy studied German for five months in Germany.
Kristy had studied German for five months in Germany before traveling around Europe for 7 months.

5. Past Tense Verbs
Past facts or general statements, which were true in the past; may or may not still be true
Examples:
Jean was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.
Tom didn't like tomatoes before.
Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?
People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

6. Using the Past Tense
The Past Tense is always formed using the Past Tense Form and is the same for 1st, 2nd , 3rd person; singular / plural
Examples:
I walked, you walked, he walked, and she walked, we walked, you walked, and they walked.
I ran, you ran, he ran, and she ran, we ran, you ran, and they ran.
However, the Past Tense Form still has the two cases: Regular and Irregular
The Past Tense form and the Past Participle form are the forms that most often vary from the regular form

7. Forming Past Tense Form
For regular past tense verbs, add some form of “ed”
Typically, add “ed”
Examples: boil -> boiled; hand -> handed
However, if the verb ends in an “e”, simply add “d”
Examples: hope -> hoped; create -> created; love -> loved

8. Forming Past Tense Form
For regular past tense verbs, add some form of “ed”
Typically add “ed”; if verb ends in an “e”, simply add “d”
If verb ends in “consonant + y”; change the “y” to “i” and add “ed”
Examples: study -> studied; try -> tried; cry -> cried

9. Forming Past Tense Form
For regular past tense verbs, add some form of “ed”
Typically add “ed”; if verb ends in an “e”, simply add “d”
If verb ends in “consonant + y”; change the “y” to “i” and add “ed”
If last syllable contains one vowel followed by a consonant; double the consonant and add “ed” (but not for “w” or “y”)
Examples: tap -> tapped; commit -> committed
stop -> stopped

10. Pronunciation Guide
Stops include sounds like “b”, “p”, “d”, “t”, “k”, and “g”
Air flow is actually “stopped”, followed by a “puff of air”
Sibilants
Sibilants are produced by forcing air out toward your teeth.
Characterized by turbulence; examples:
a hissing sound (sssss) or a buzzing sound (zzzzz)
the sound teachers make when they want you to be quiet (shhhh!), or a word like church or chair (ch)
Also the “f”/”v” sounds as well as the “k” sound

11. Pronunciation Guide We pronounce the final “d” in three different ways
As a “d”
As a “t”
As an “id”

12. Pronunciation Guide Typically, use the ordinary “d” sound (voiced)
Ex: Study -> Studied; jog -> jogged; rain -> rained; snow -> snowed

13. Pronunciation Guide Typically, use the ordinary “d” sound (voiced)
Ex: study -> studied; jog -> jogged; rain -> rained; snow -> snowed
If the word ends with a “t” or “d” sound, use the “id” sound (i.e., create an extra syllable:
Ex: want -> wanted; end -> ended; visit -> visited;
edit -> edited

14. Pronunciation Guide Typically, use the ordinary “d” sound (voiced)
Ex: study -> studied; jog -> jogged; rain -> rained; snow -> snowed
If the word ends with a “t” or “d” sound, use the “id” sound (i.e., create an extra syllable:
Ex: want -> wanted; end -> ended; visit -> visited;
edit -> edited
If pronunciation of the verb ends with an unvoiced “stop” (“p”/“k”) or an unvoiced “sibilant” (“s”/“f”/“k”), use the “t” sound (unvoiced)
Ex: stop -> stopped; promise -> promised;
laugh -> laughed; walk -> walked

15. John 3:16-17 (p 1047)
For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him will not perish, but have eternal life. God did not send his Son into the world to condemn it, but to save it.

16. John 3:16-17
For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him will not perish, but have eternal life. God did not send his Son into the world to condemn it, but to save it.

18. Past Tense Verbs How does the Simple Past differ from Past Perfect?
Simple past is “simply” a statement about the past; it does not relate or compare the statement to a specific point in time – or more precisely to another event at a specific point in time
I lived in Brazil for two years.
I had lived in Brazil for two years before I saw the Amazon River.
Kristy studied German for five months in Germany.
Kristy had studied German for five months in Germany before traveling around Europe for 7 months.

19. Using the Past Tense
The Past Tense is always formed using the Past Tense Form and is the same for 1st, 2nd , 3rd person; singular / plural
Examples:
I walked, you walked, he walked, and she walked, we walked, you walked, and they walked.
I ran, you ran, he ran, and she ran, we ran, you ran, and they ran.
However, the Past Tense Form still has the two cases: Regular and Irregular
The Past Tense form and the Past Participle form are the forms that most often vary from the regular form

20. Forming Past Tense Form
For regular past tense verbs, add some form of “ed”
Typically add “ed”; if verb ends in an “e”, simply add “d”
Examples: boil -> boiled; hand -> handed; fill -> filled; hope -> hoped; create -> created; love -> loved
If verb ends in “consonant + y”; change the “y” to “i” and add “ed”
Examples: study -> studied; try -> tried; cry -> cried
If last syllable contains one vowel followed by a consonant; double the consonant and add “ed” (but not for “w” or “y”)
Examples: tap -> tapped; commit -> committed
stop -> stopped

21. Pronunciation Guide
Stops include sounds like “b”, “p”, “d”, “t”, “k”, and “g”
Air flow is actually “stopped”, followed by a “puff of air”
Sibilants
Sibilants are produced by forcing air out toward your teeth.
Characterized by turbulence; examples:
a hissing sound (sssss) or a buzzing sound (zzzzz)
the sound teachers make when they want you to be quiet (shhhh!), or a word like church or chair (ch)
Also the “f”/”v” sounds as well as the “k” sound

22. Pronunciation Guide Typically, use the ordinary “d” sound (voiced)
Ex: study -> studied; jog -> jogged; rain -> rained; snow -> snowed
If the word ends with a “t” or “d” sound, use the “id” sound (i.e., create an extra syllable:
Ex: want -> wanted; end -> ended; visit -> visited;
edit -> edited
If pronunciation of the verb ends with an unvoiced “stop” (“p”/“k”) or an unvoiced “sibilant” (“s”/“f”/“k”), pronounce with a “t” sound (unvoiced)
Ex: stop -> stopped; promise -> promised;
laugh -> laughed; walk -> walked

23. John 3:16-17
For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him will not perish, but have eternal life. God did not send his Son into the world to condemn it, but to save it.
The term “Son” is part of a metaphor emphasizing the strength of God’s love in that He willing gave something He deeply loved to save the world He also deeply loved.