1. Showing Space in Art
During the Renaissance, artists became very interested in making two-dimensional artworks look three-dimensional.
"linear perspective"
- a technique that helps artists make a picture look like it has depth.

2. SPACE
In terms of art, space is the area around, above, and within an object.  With consideration to drawings and paintings, our goal is to create the illusion of space.

3. Before the Renaissance
What looks strange in this image?

4. After the creation of linear perspective in the Renaissance

5. LINEAR PERSPECTIVE
A mathematical system for representing three dimensional objects and space on a two-dimensional surface.

6. Terms (Space)
1 point perspective- a mathematical system for representing three-dimensional objects and space on a two-dimensional surface using
one point on a horizon line… all receding lines go to that one point.

7. With 1 point perspective we see the front of an object and the rest of the object recedes into space

8. Terms (Space)
2 point perspective - linear perspective in which parallel lines along the width and depth of an object are represented as meeting at two separate points on the horizon.

9. With 2 point perspective you view an object from the edge of 2 sides

10. Horizon line – is where the sky meets the earth – (eye level)
Terms (Space)
Horizon line – is where the sky meets the earth – (eye level)

11. The horizon line is in a different place based on your eye level

12. Think about when you are at the beach… you and the lifeguard have a different vantage point so the horizon line is in a different place…
Why do the lifeguards need the horizon line to be higher than everyone else on the beach?

13. Terms (Space)
Vanishing point- the point at which receding parallel lines viewed in perspective appear to converge.

14. Orthogonal Lines
These are the lines you draw from the corner of an object to the vanishing point
These are the lines that establish the illusion of the object receding into the distance.
Note - These lines should
always be drawn lightly at
first because usually, most of an
orthogonal line will be erased.

15. Terms (Space)
Overlapping in art is the placement of objects over one another in order to create the illusion of depth. 

16. Simple overlapping
In simple overlapping a figure partially hides an object that’s supposed to be behind it. Since our eyes are easily fooled, we willingly agree that one is closer, the other is further away. 

17. Terms (Space)
Size – Small objects look distant while larger objects appear to be closer

18. Terms (Value)
Value (Element of Art) - The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest.

19. WE USE VALUE TO CREATE THE ILLUSION OF FORM
Illusion of form-is achieved by creating an image with a range of value.  By accurately placing highlights and shadows an artist can create the illusion of form/Space.
A Flat CIRCLE
no sense of depth
Because of the added value this circle now appears to be a
3-Dimensional SPHERE

20. Terms (Space)
Value Scale- A gray scale, a series of spaces filled in or tints and shades of one color, starting with white or the lightest tint on one end, and gradually changing into the darkest shade or black on the other.

21. The painting on the right is the _______ by ___________
The painting on the right is the _______ by ___________. How is it different from the painting on the left?

22. Leonardo da Vinci used one point perspective to indicate depth in his paintings.

23. Analyze this painting... This room is the inside of a cube in one point perspective “The Last Supper” by Leonardo da Vinci

24. Where is the vanishing point? How can you tell?

26. We are going to learn how to draw in one point perspective.
Start by drawing a line for your horizon line

27. Add a vanishing point

28. Draw a square somewhere below the horizon line

29. Draw converging lines from the corners of the square to the vanishing point

30. Draw parallel lines 1) vertically 1) horizontally

31. Here is the finished cube in one point perspective

32. Draw 3 cubes above the horizon line 2 cubes on the horizon line 3 cubes below the horizon line

34. 2 Point Perspective

35. 2 Point Perspective

44. 1 Point Perspective
Draw a total of 5 cubes in 1 Point Perspective on the 11x14 drawing paper
1 cube must be ABOVE the horizon line
1 cube must be ON the horizon line
1 cube must be BELOW the horizon line
The other two cubes can be on, above, or below the horizon line

45. 2 Point Perspective
Draw a total of 3 cubes in 2 Point Perspective on the 11x14 drawing paper
1 cube must be ABOVE the horizon line
1 cube must be ON the horizon line
1 cube must be BELOW the horizon line

46. Birdhouse Roof

52. Now you can add details… try adding a door and/or window