1. Unit 2: Factors That Led To Expansion
Lesson 2: Expansion Leads to Imperialism

2. Essential Question
How has the concept of American expansion shaped foreign policy?

3. Key Vocabulary Rugged Individualism
What do you think “rugged individualism” means?
Definition.
Examples/Impact.
Create at test question.

4. Western Frontier: Frederick Jackson Turner’s Frontier Thesis
The Frontier Thesis or Turner Thesis, is the argument advanced by historian Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893 that American democracy was formed by the American Frontier. In essence, our frontier experience made us who we are today: risk takers and adventurers, rugged individualists, fiercely independent. In addition Turner emphasizes the need for a “frontier” in order for Americans to remain “cutting edge”. What “Frontiers” do we still have today? Many historians point out today that Turner fails to mention the plight of Native Americans in his Thesis.

5. Crash Course
Watch this video and summarize in your own words, how has westward expansion impacted American culture?

6. Activation School House Rock
QUICK WRITE: How did our experience in the western frontier help shape modern America?

7. New Markets
During the late 1800’s the desire to find new markets, increase trade, and build a powerful navy caused the United States to become more involved in international affairs.

8. What do you think “imperialism” means?
Key Vocabulary Pt. 2
Imperialism
What do you think “imperialism” means?
Definition.
Examples/Impact.
Create a test question.

9. Reasons Why Nations Imperialize
1. Need to expand be economic expansion on that continent is over. (Markets have slowed, natural resource & raw materials are less abundant).
2. Social Darwinism.
3. Humanitarian reasons. The religious spread of Protestantism throughout the world, especially in the Americas, would help the less fortunate.
4. To create new military bases throughout the world.

10. Building Support for Imperialism
In the 1800’s, nations in Europe expanded overseas.
Imperialism is a strong nation’s economic and political domination over weaker ones.
Causes: Europe needed more raw materials.
Tariffs hurt trade.
Need for new markets created industry.
To protect investments, Europe made countries in to colonies and protectorates.
In a protectorate, the imperial power let local rulers stay in control.

11. A Feeling of Superiority
The United States also wanted to find new markets in other countries.
Some Americans used social Darwinism to justify expansion.
Others believed that English speaking countries were naturally superior. This belief is known as Anglo- Saxonism.

12. Building a Modern Navy
American leaders, such as Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, thought the United States needed a powerful navy.
A navy could protect merchant ships and defend trade.
By the late 1800’s the United States was becoming a great naval power.

13. American Expansion in the Pacific
In the 1800’s Japan only traded with the Chinese and the Dutch.
In 1853, President Filmore decided to force Japan to trade with the USA.
He sent a naval expedition led by Mathew Perry to negotiate a treaty.
In seeing our warships, Japan knew they had to open two ports to American trade.

14. Annexing Hawaii
Americans were interested in Hawaii for sugar trade and a military base.
In 1875, the United States removed tariffs on Hawaiian sugar and the sugar industry boomed.
In 1887 planters made the King of Hawaii sign a constitution limiting his power.

15. In 1891, Queen Liliuolkalani became ruler
In 1891, Queen Liliuolkalani became ruler. She disliked American influence.
She tried to create a new constitution to re-establish her authority.
Planters responded by overthrowing the government.
The United States annexed Hawaii 5 years later.

16. Assessment Prompt 1: Imperialism

17. The Spanish American War
What you need to know now:
1) Monroe Doctrine: a U.S. policy to keep European countries from expanding in to South America.
2) New Markets
3) Reasons to invade Cuba
-Yellow Journalism
-Explosion of USS Maine
4) Teller Amendment vs. Platt Amendment
We will cover in depth later in the course.

19. Assignment “Should we go to war with Spain?” Talking Heads
1’s read “Yes” US Senator Albert J. Beveridge (501 in text)
2 ‘s read “No” William Jennings Bryan (501 in text)
Summarize reasons FOR war with Spain (Beveridge):
Summarize reasons AGAINST war with Spain (Bryan):

20. Compare and contrast the arguments for and against imperialism.

21. Activity
1) Persuasive Essay “Should the US have adapted an imperialistic foreign policy during the first half of the 20th century?”
2) Primary source document from the Spanish American War and Yellow Journalism.
How does this worksheet relate to the Spanish American War?
How does this worksheet relate to the concept of expansion?

22. Persuasive Essay
1) Persuasive Essay “Should the US have adapted an imperialistic foreign policy during the first half of the 20th century?”
2) Primary source document from the Spanish American War and Yellow Journalism.
How does this worksheet relate to the Spanish American War?
How does this worksheet relate to the concept of expansion?

23. Journal
Answer the EQ: How has the concept of American expansion shaped foreign policy?
Consider the following questions: What were Frederick Jackson Turner’s main points in his Frontier Thesis? Why do some historians criticize his Thesis?
Summarize the reasons FOR and AGAINST imperialism.
How did the United States FORCE Japan to end its isolation?
Why did the US move to annex Hawaii?
How did expansion influence our decision to go to war with Spain?