1. Chapter 3: Biochemistry
Essential Question: How does function depend on structure?

2. I. Carbon Compounds
A. Organic compounds: contain carbon atoms that are covalently bonded to other carbon atoms and to other atoms
1. Carbon atoms have 4 positions for bonding to 4 other atoms
2. Results in a huge variety of compounds

3. B. Functional groups: clusters of atoms that influence the properties of the molecule
1. Alcohol: OH is attached to carbon and makes the molecule polar
2. Some alcohols are needed by organisms to carry out their life processes

4. C. Large carbon molecules
1. Monomers: small, simple molecules
2. Polymer: repeated, linked units
Polymers
3. Macromolecules: large polymers
Macromolecule

5. 4. Condensation reaction: monomers link and water is produced 5
4. Condensation reaction: monomers link and water is produced 5. Hydrolysis: using water to break the bonds of complex molecules

6. 6. ATP (adenosine triphosphate): compound with a large amount of energy
a) covalent bond breaks and energy is released
b) energy is used by the cell to drive chemical reactions

7. ATP
Section 8-1
Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups
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8. Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery
Section 8-1
ADP
ATP
Energy
Energy
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Partially
charged
battery
Fully
charged
battery
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9. Concept Map Carbon Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids
Section 2-3
Carbon
Compounds
include
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
Sugars and
starches
Fats and oils
Nucleotides
Amino Acids
which contain
which contain
which contain
which contain
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus
hydrogen,oxygen,
nitrogen,
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10. II. Molecules of Life
A. Carbohydrates:
Function: organic compounds composed of C, H, and O and it stores energy
1. Monosaccharides: monomer: simple sugar
a) Examples: glucose, fructose, and galactose
b) Isomers: same chemical formula but different shapes

11. 2. Disaccharide: double sugar
3. Polysaccharide: complex molecule composed of 3 or more monosaccharides
Examples:
a) starch: in plants, glucose is linked together
b) glycogen: in animals,
glucose is linked together

12. B. Proteins: Organic compounds composed of C,H, O, and N and it makes up skin and muscles, and controls rates of reactions 1. Amino Acids: Monomer- 20 building blocks of proteins a) Central C with COOH group, NH2 group, H, and one other functional group b) Differences give different shapes which lead to different functions

13. Amino Acids General structure Alanine Serine Section 2-3 Amino group
Carboxyl group
General structure
Alanine
Serine
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14. A Protein
Section 2-3
Amino
acids
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15. 2. Peptide bond: two amino acids form a covalent bond
a) dipeptide: two amino acids
b) polypeptide: long chain of amino acids that form proteins
Proteins

16. 3. Enzymes (catalysts): speed up the reaction
a) Substrate: reactant being catalyzed
b) Enzyme and substrate have shapes that allow them to fit together Enzyme action

17. C. Lipids: Function: Large, nonpolar organic molecules that do not dissolve in water and it stores energy efficiently and makes up cell membranes
1. Fatty acids-monomer: unbranched carbon chain

19. a) two ends of the chain are very different
b) hydrophilic: water loving
c) hydrophobic: water fearing
2. Complex lipid examples
a) triglyceride: three molecules of fatty acid joined to glycerol (animal fat)

20. b) phospholipids: two fatty acids joined to glycerol ( cell membrane)
c) wax: long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain
3. Steroids: four fused carbon rings with different functional groups
a) Examples: testosterone and cholesterol
Lipids

21. D. Nucleic Acids: Function: Large and complex molecules that store genetic information in the cell
1. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): contains all the information for almost all cell activities
2. RNA (ribonucleic acid): stores and transfers information needed for making proteins
3. Nucleotides- linked monomers made up of three parts
a) phosphate group
b) sugar
c) nitrogen base
Nucleic acid

23. Concept Map Carbon Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids
Section 2-3
Carbon
Compounds
include
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
Sugars and
starches
Fats and oils
Nucleotides
Amino Acids
which contain
which contain
which contain
which contain
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus
hydrogen,oxygen,
nitrogen,
Go to Section:

24. Prezi chart