1. Smart materials anthropometrics
YEAR 11 – THEORY
RESISTANT MATERIALS
STEREOLITHOGRAPHY
Smart materials anthropometrics

2. Complete the notes sheet and revise using.
Thursday 14th may
Lesson Objectives:
To understand a range of smart materials and their uses.
To know what anthropometrics is and how data is used.
To understand the process of SLA. (Stereo lithography)
Homework: Due in:18/05/15
Complete the notes sheet and revise using.
REVISE, REVISE….REVISE LIKE A NINJA!
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3. A device that performs stereo lithography is called an SLA.
Do now!
starter: SlA – STEREOLITHOGRAPHY
This is a common rapid prototyping technology for producing parts with high accuracy and good surface finish.
A device that performs stereo lithography is called an SLA.
Stereo lithography is an additive fabrication process utilising a vat of liquid UV-curable photopolymer "resin" and a UV laser to build parts a layer at a time.
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4. SlA – STEREOLITHOGRAPHY
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5. Put the process in the correct order:
A wiper (arm) moves across the layer to ensure it is free from excess material and flat.
Software slices the CAD model up into thin layers.
The platform drops down into the tank a fraction of a millimeter and the laser paints the next layer.
This process repeats, layer by layer, until your model is complete.
A 3-D model of your object is created in a CAD program.
The laser "paints" one of the layers, exposing the UV plastic in the tank and hardening it.
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6. 4 2 5 6 1 3 SlA – STEREOLITHOGRAPHY
A 3-D model of your object in a CAD program.
Software slices the CAD model up into thin layers.
The laser "paints" one of the layers, exposing the UV plastic in the tank and hardening it.
A wiper (arm) moves across the layer to ensure it is free from excess material and flat.
The platform drops down into the tank a fraction of a millimetre and the laser paints the next layer.
This process repeats, layer by layer, until your model is complete.
It may then be cured in an oven to ensure it is fit for purpose.
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7. SMART MATERIALS
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8. SMART MATERIALS - ANSWER
Explain what is meant by the term ‘smart material’.
Smart materials respond to a change in their environment for example temperature, humidity, contact with water, electrical current or other inputs.  They usually change in terms of colour or shape when responding to their environment.
b) Name a smart material and name / describe a product in which it is used.
Smart material: Thermochromic inks are those that change colour in response to changes in temperature.
Product / Description: THERMOMETER. As the patient places the thermometer against his/her head, the thermochromic ink reacts to the change in temperature. A change in colour, against a temperature scale, indicates the patients temperature.
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9. MINI STARTER: Thermochromic pigments Shape memory alloys - Nitinol10
Thermochromic pigments
Can be heated in hot water and when it reaches 62 degrees can be shaped into almost any form and on cooling it becomes solid.
Shape memory alloys - Nitinol
Metals that respond to stresses and strain applied to them. For example heat returns them to their original shape.
Phosphorescent materials
This wire has special properties which when a current is passed through it, enables it to emit a glowing light.
Smart grease
Materials that create an electrical charge when placed under mechanical stress or pressure.
Electroluminescent wires
A material that starts as a liquid and when vigorously shaken or stirred turn to a solid.
Quantum tunnelling composites
regulates the movement of components in contact to provide the right 'feel' or desirable characteristics. 
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Polymorph
absorb light and after the light source is removed continue to glow for a period of time.
Piezoelectric devices
Inks or pigments that change colour in response to heat and different temperatures.
Smart fluid
a flexible polymer which contains tiny metal particles. It is normally an insulator but if it is squeezed it becomes a conductor.

10. MINI STARTER: Thermochromic pigments Shape memory alloys - Nitinol10
Thermochromic pigments
Can be heated in hot water and when it reaches 62 degrees can be shaped into almost any form and on cooling it becomes solid.
Shape memory alloys - Nitinol
Metals that respond to stresses and strain applied to them. For example heat returns them to their original shape.
Phosphorescent materials
This wire has special properties which when a current is passed through it, enables it to emit a glowing light.
Smart grease
Materials that create an electrical charge when placed under mechanical stress or pressure.
Electroluminescent wires
A material that starts as a liquid and when vigorously shaken or stirred turn to a solid.
Quantum tunnelling composites
regulates the movement of components in contact to provide the right 'feel' or desirable characteristics. 
Bordered sheets available for homework.
Polymorph
absorb light and after the light source is removed continue to glow for a period of time.
Piezoelectric devices
Inks or pigments that change colour in response to heat and different temperatures.
Smart fluid
a flexible polymer which contains tiny metal particles. It is normally an insulator but if it is squeezed it becomes a conductor.

11. Polymorph

12. Mould your ergonomic grip design now….
ERGONOMIC PENCIL CHALLENGE
Mould your ergonomic grip design now…. 10
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13. Polymorph: What is it used for?

14. Advantages/Disadvantages
Advantages and disadvantages
Answers:
Properties
Advantages/Disadvantages
Uses
Thermoplastic
Low melting point 60⁰c.
Malleable (like plasticine) when heated.
Hard when cool at room temperature.
 + It can be reheated and formed many times.
+ It can be moulded by hand, cast or using 3D printer.
+ Easy to form or shape and a solid shape when cooled.
+ Allow user to create many models or test form.
+Can be dyed or coloured.
- Is expensive when used with a 3D printer or to create moulds.
To create ergonomic shapes or one off shapes for a specific user.
Testing shape or form.
To create a vacuum-forming mould or impression mould.
To enhance a product giving grip.
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15. Thermo chromatic pigments:
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16. List advantages/ disadvantages and uses for thermo chromatic pigments.
Pigments that change colour in response to heat and different temperatures.
Your task:
List advantages/ disadvantages and uses for thermo chromatic pigments.
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17. List advantages/ disadvantages and uses for thermo chromatic pigments.
Thermo chromatic sheets:
Sheets that change colour in response to heat and different temperatures.
Your task:
List advantages/ disadvantages and uses for thermo chromatic pigments.
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18. Smart Memory Alloy – Nitinol wire

19. Smart Memory Alloy – Nitinol wire

20. What is ergonomics? 3

21. Ergonomics to consider when designing:
Ergonomists specialise in designing products, systems and environments that are safe, comfortable and easy to use.
Ergonomics to consider when designing:
Colour
Lighting
Sound
comfort
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22. What is anthropometrics?b
Anthropometrics is the study of body measurements and statistical data concerning the sizes and shapes of the population.
Anthropometrics essentially means the scientific measurements of the body.
Or in Greek, ‘Measurement of man”.
Designers use this data find out whether they are meeting at least 50% of users the designer must record relevant data of peoples bodies.
Modern products should suit 95% of users.
This information can be used to help the designer meet majority of users needs.

23. What is anthropometrics? What is anthropometrics?

24. What is anthropometrics?

25. What is anthropometrics?

26. What is a composite material?
It is two or more materials that have been combined by bonding.
The material that is formed as a result has improved mechanical, functional and aesthetic properties.
Also most composites have excellent strength to weight ratios.

27. What is a composite material?
It is two or more materials that have been combined by bonding.
The material that is formed as a result has improved mechanical, functional and aesthetic properties.
Also most composites have excellent strength to weight ratios.

28. What is anthropometrics?
Carbon fibre
A composite made which is similar to glass fibres. It is made from carbon fibres which have been woven to form a fabric and covered with a resin.
The material can take large compressive loads and also has good strength in tension.
Carbon fibres are much stronger than GRP and are ideal for high performance structural applications – aircraft, sports equipment and F1 car manufacture.
Carbon fibre has four times the tensile strength of metal alloys and is a quarter of their weight!

29. What is anthropometrics? Carbon fibre – AUTOCLAVE ONLY

30. What is anthropometrics? Carbon fibre - AUTOCLAVE

31. Glass Reinforced Plastic
A composite made from polyester or epoxy resin reinforced by fine glass fibres in the form of a women matting.
The plastic has increased strength in compressive and tension states.
The resin is formed in a liquid state and a catalyst is added to become solid.
GRP has a highly polished finish on one side and is extremely rough on the other.
This is because it is highly polished before moulded and gel coat is added.

32. Kevlar Properties Lightweight High tensile strength
Resistant to heat (does not melt)
Kevlar can be ignited but burning usually stops when the heat
source is removed
Some discolouration in prolonged sunlight
Chemical resistance
Good water resistance
Uses:
Bicycle tires and racing sails to body armour, safety equipment, racing cars, because of its high tensile strength-to-weight ratio; by this measure it is 5 times stronger than steel.