1. Chapter 7
Operating
Systems

2. OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, the reader should be able to:
Define the purpose and functions of an operating system.
Understand the components of an operating system.
Understand the concept of virtual memory.
Understand the concept of deadlock and starvation.
List some of the characteristics of popular operating systems such as Windows 2000, UNIX, and Linux.

3. Figure 7-1
Computer System

4. 7.1
DEFINITION

5. Note:
An operating system is an interface between the hardware of a computer and the user (program or human) that facilitates the execution of the other programs and the access to hardware and software resources.

6. 7.2
EVOLUTION

7. 7.3
COMPONENTS

8. Components of an operating system
Figure 7-2
Components of an operating system

9. Figure 7-3
Monoprogramming

10. Figure 7-4
Multiprogramming

11. Categories of multiprogramming
Figure 7-5
Categories of multiprogramming

12. Figure 7-6
Partitioning

13. Figure 7-7
Paging

14. Figure 7-8
Virtual memory

15. State diagram with the boundaries between a program, a job, and a process
Figure 7-9

16. Figure 7-10
Job scheduler

17. Figure 7-11
Process scheduler

18. Queues for process management
Figure 7-12
Queues for process management

19. Figure 7-13
Deadlock

20. Figure 7-14
Deadlock on a bridge

21. Note:
Deadlock occurs when the operating system does not put resource restrictions on processes.

22. Figure 7-15.a
Starvation

23. Figure 7-15.b
Starvation

24. Figure 7-15.c
Starvation

25. Figure 7-16
Dining philosophers

26. 7.4
POPULAR
OPERATING
SYSTEMS