1. Backup and Recovery

2. O.S. File System + SQL Statement
Backup Types
Logical
Export Utility
Cold
Hot
Physical
With
RMan
Without
O.S. File System + SQL Statement

3. Issues Protect the database from numerous types of failures
Increase Mean-Time-Between-Failures (MTBF)
Decrease Mean-Time-To-Recover (MTTR)
Minimize data loss

4. Categories of Failures
Statement failure
No Recovery Needed
Logic error in an application
Attempt to enter bad data into the table
Attempt an operation with insufficient
privileges
Attempt an INSERT or UPDATE to a table,
causing an extent to be allocated,
but with insufficient free space
left in the tablespace

5. Categories of Failures
Statement failure
User process failure
No Recovery Needed
PMON
The user performed an abnormal disconnect in the session.
The user’s session was abnormally terminated.
The user’s program raised an address exception terminating the session.

6. Categories of Failures
Statement failure
User process failure
User error
Recovery Needed
IMP Utility
Accidental DROP TABLE;
Accidental TRUNCATE TABLE;
Accidental DELETE / UPDATE;

7. Categories of Failures
Statement failure
User process failure
User error
Instance failure
No Recovery Needed
PMON SMON
HardWare Problem on CPU / RAM

8. Categories of Failures
Statement failure
User process failure
User error
Instance failure
Media failure
Recovery Needed
Physical
HardWare Problem on I/O Device

9. Requirements for Strategy
Business requirements
Evolutionary process
Technical requirements
Hardware, software, man power and time
Database configurations
Transaction volume
Frequency of backups
Operational requirements
7-day / 24-hour operations
Testing and validating backups

10. Physical Backup Methods
No archive mode
Archive mode
Physical backup

11. ARCHIVELOG Online redo log files Archived log file ARC0 052 053 052
Group 1
052
Group 2
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST
/disk1/archive/
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT
arch%s.arc

12. Enabling ARCHIVELOG Mode
Shutdown normal or immediate 1
Startup mount 2
Alter database open 4
Control
file
Init.ora
Alter database ARCHIVELOG 3
Shutdown normal or
immediate 5
Full database backup 6

13. Physical Closed Database Backup
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
Physical Closed Database Backup
Data files
Control files
Redo log files
Parameter files
Password file
HOST cp <files> /backup/
Online or offline storage
STARTUP OPEN;

14. Advantages of Physical Closed Database Backups
Conceptually simple
Easy to perform
Require little operator interaction

15. Physical Opened Database Backup (1)
Online redo log files
Control files
Archived redo log files
Online or offline storage
Parameter files
Pwd file
HOST cp <files> /backup/

16. Physical Opened Database Backup (2)
All tablespace data files
Individual data file
SQL> alter tablespace <name> begin backup;
Online or offline storage
HOST cp <files> /backup/
Data files
SQL> alter tablespace <name> end backup;

17. Advantages of Physical Opened Database Backups
Maintains high database availability
Can be done at a tablespace or data file level
Supports nonstop business operations

18. Archived log file 1 1
ARC0
Redo log files
Data files
Control file

19. Archived log file 2 1 1
ARC0 2
Redo log files
Data files
Control file

20. ARC0 1 2 Archived log file Redo log files Data files Control file 3 3

21. ARC0 1 2 3 Archived log file Redo log files Data files Control file 4

22. ARC0 1 2 3 4 Archived log file Redo log files Data files Control file5 5 1 2
ARC0 4 3 4
Redo log files
Data files
Control file
Data files 5
Control file

23. ARC0 1 2 3 4 5 Archived log file Redo log files Data files6 5 1 2
ARC0 6 3 4
Redo log files 5
Data files
Control file
Data files 5
Control file

24. ARC0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Archived log file Redo log files Data files9 9 1 2
ARC0 8 3 4
Redo log files 5 6
Data files 7 8
Control file
Data files 5
Control file

25. 1 2 3 4 4a 4b 5 6 7 8 Shutdown Startup Mount
O.S. Restore From Hot or Cold Physical BackUp DataFile (s) 3
Redo log files
Control file 9
Data files 8 5
Recover DataFile (s) Automatic 4 9
Applyed Archived Logs #5 #6 #7 4a
Applyed On Line Logs #8 #9 4b
Alter DataBase Open 5
Shutdown Immediate 6
New Cold Physical BackUp 7
Startup Open 8

26. S.C.N. System Change Number
Data files Header
Control file
RedoRecord
Incremental Time Stamp 1
Unique Identified “Committed Version D.B.” 2
Log file #
Low SCN #
Log file
Higth SCN #

27. Logical Backup Methods
Oracle Export and Import Utilities
An interactive dialog
The export page of the Data Manager within Enterprise Manager
The command line interface, by specifying parameters

28. These utilities enable you to do the following:
Archive historical data
Save table definitions (with or without data) to protect from user error failure
Move data between machines and databases or versions of the Oracle server
Transport tablespaces between databases

29. Formato
Binario Proprietario
Data
Base
File *.dmp
Exp
Data
Base
Imp

30. SQL command processing
Export Concepts
Oracle Server
Generate SQL commands
Two-Task common (TTC)
SQL command processing
Buffer cache manager
Analyze blocks
Read blocks
TTC buffer
Evaluating buffer
Dump file
Buffer cache
Full 1
Owner 2
Tables 3
Oracle9i Server
IncType Complete 1a
IncType Cumulative 1b
IncType Incremental 1c

31. KEYWORD DESCRIPTION (DEFAULT)
USERID username/password
BUFFER size of data buffer
FILE output files (EXPDAT.DMP)
LOG log file of screen output
PARFILE parameter filename
FILESIZE maximum size of each dump file
COMPRESS import into one extent (Y)
CONSISTENT cross-table consistency (N)
GRANTS export grants (Y)
INDEXES export indexes (Y)
ROWS export data rows (Y)
CONSTRAINTS export constraints (Y)
TRIGGERS export triggers (Y)
FULL export entire DataBase (N)
OWNER list of owner usernames
TABLES list of table names
INCTYPE incremental export type
DIRECT direct path (N)
STATISTICS analyze objects (ESTIMATE)

32. Command-Line Method
> exp scott/tiger file=scott.dmp owner=scott grants=Y rows=Y compress=Y
Export Messages
Export: Release Production on Fri Oct 30 09:35:
(c) Copyright 2003 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release Production
With the Partitioning option
PL/SQL Release Production
Export done in WE8DEC character set and WE8DEC NCHAR character set
. exporting pre-schema procedural objects and actions
. exporting foreign function library names for user SCOTT
. exporting object type definitions for user SCOTT
About to export SCOTT’s objects ...
. exporting database links
. exporting sequence numbers
. exporting cluster definitions
. about to export SCOTT’s tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table BONUS 0 rows exported
. . exporting table DEPT 4 rows exported
. . exporting table EMP 14 rows exported

33. Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
IncType Complete
IncType Incremental -----> Exp IncType Generic
IncType Cumulative > Exp IncType Cumulative or Complete

34. Oracle Standby Implementation
Fail over Solution
Disaster Recovery Solution (if remote)
Ease of implementation
Minimum impact on Production System
Read Only Standby Database

35. Overview of Managed Oracle Standby DB
Primary control file
Primary DB
Primary Instance
Redo log
Standby Instance
Recovery proc
Standby control file
RFS
Arc log
T.N.S.
Standby DB
DBWR
Arc log
ARCH
Recovery Mode 1
Activate 3
ReadOnly Mode 2