1. WOK : Reason

2. Sharks in Fresh water rivers!
Is it safe to swim in a river, will we find a great white shark there…
The above picture is a guy in a river in Switzerland
We use reason to conclude that there is no sharks in Switzerland and it is safe to swim.

3. 3 kinds of Reasoning Deductive reasoning Inductive Reasoning
Informal Reasoning
In our discussion we will meet what are called fallacies…invalid patterns of reasoning

4. Deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning is any form of reasoning that moves from a general to a particular example
All dogs are mammals
Fido is a dog
Fido is a mammals
This is called syllogisms
2 premises
Three terms which occur twice
1 conclusion
Quantifiers

5. All Italians eat spaghetti
Jean Luca eats spaghetti
Therefore Jean Luca is an Italian
Find the 2 premises?
The Conclusion
Is it valid?

6. Truth V Validity All panthers are pink Che Guevara is a panther
Che Guevera is pink
Look at the premises … false
Look at the conclusion…. False
But the argument is valid

7. Make up your own syllogisms to illustrate….
3 true premises and a true conclusion
1 true premise, 1 false premise and a true conclusion
2 false premises and a false conclusion
Use the penguin in your syllogism…..

8. Valid or Invalid No martins have red noses Rudolph has a red nose
Therefore Rudolph is not a Martin
All bull fighters are brave people
Some brave people are compassionate
Therefore some bull fighters are compassionate
Some Monks are Tibetan
All Tibetans are good at Yoga
Therefore some monks are good at Yoga