1. The Integumentary System
Chapter 12
The Integumentary System

2. Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

3. Skin Primary Functions Related Combining Forms
First line of defense for the immune system.
Waterproofs the body.
Major receptor for the sense of touch.
Related Combining Forms
cutane/o
dermat/o, derm/o
albin/o
Bi/o
Myc/o
Seb/o

4. The Epidermis Our outer protective layer
Outermost layer has no blood vessels and relys on lower layers for nourishment
Made of several tissues
Squamous tissue
Keratin: soft = skin, hard=nails and hair
Melanocytes – give us our color and protects from UV rays.

5. Dermis AKA corium Living tissue below the epidermis
Where we feel touch (tactile) and sensation
Tissues include:
Collagen – fibrous protein, the “glue”
Mast cells – in case of injury to release:
Heparin
Histamine

6. The subcutaneous layer
Adipose tissue – fat
Cellulite – non-technical term for fat deposits
Lipocytes – other fat cells

7. Structures of the Skin

8. Sebaceous Glands Primary Functions Related Combining Form
Secrete sebum (oil) to lubricate the skin.
Discourage the growth of bacteria on the skin.
Related Combining Form
seb/o

9. Sweat and Sebaceous Glands

10. Sweat Glands Primary Functions Related Combining Form
Secrete sweat to regulate body temperature and water content.
Excrete some metabolic waste.
Related Combining Form
hidr/o

11. Hair Primary Function Related Combining Forms
Aids in controlling the loss of body heat.
Related Combining Forms
pil/i, pil/o

12. Nails Primary Function Related Combining Forms
Protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each finger and toe.
Related Combining Forms
onych/o
ungu/o

13. Structures of the Fingernails and Toenails

14. Medical Specialties related to the Integumentary System

15. Medical Specialists
Dermatoligist – a physician specializing in diagnostic and treatment of disorders associated with the skin.
Cosmetic Surgeon – AKA plastic surgeon, specializing in restoration and reconstruction (plastic = plasty, or to repair)

16. Pathology of the Integumentary System

17. Sebaceous Glands Acne vulgaris Comedo – leads to blackheads
Sebaceous cysts – fat pocket
Seborrheic dermatitis – dandruff
Seborrheic keratosis – benign skin tumors found in the elderly

20. Sweat Glands Anhidrosis – no sweat Hyperhidrosis – excessive sweat
Diaphoresis – profuse sweating
Miliaria – heat rash

21. Heat Rash

22. Hair Hirsutism – excessive hair Alopecia – baldness
Areata – specific areas of no hair
Capitis – all hair on the scalp
Universalis – whole body
Dyschromia – discoloration of the skin
Melanosis – black spots
Vitiligo – white spots

24. Surface Lesions Contusion - bruise Crust – dried cellular debris
Ecchymosis – bleeding within skin
Macule – flat spot
Nevi – moles
Nodule – solid bump
Papule – ex: skin tag
Plaque – several meanings
Verrucae – warts

26. Fluid-filled lesions Abscess – localized collection of pus
Bulla – larger abscess
Cyst – closed sac of semi-solid fluid
Pustule – large pimple
Vesicle – small blister

28. Lesions through the skin
Abrasion – friction or rubbing surface
Fissure – groove or crack
Laceration – deeper tear in skin
Puncture – penetrating wound
Ulcer – erosion of skin

30. General skin conditions
Dermatitis – inflammation of the skin
Eczema – chronic scaling and crusting
Lupus – autoimmune skin disorder
Psoriasis – silvery scales typically on elbows and knees, also autoimmune
Urticaria - hives

32. Bacterial skin infections
Carbuncle – a cluster of boils
Cellulitis – layers of inflammation
Gangrene – tissue death
Impetigo – contagious bacterial infection
Anthrax – caused by anthrax bacteria

34. Fungal Infections Tinea – caused by tinea fungus
Athletes foot
Jock itch
Ringworm
Dermatmycosis – tinea versicolor

36. Parasitic infestations
Scabies – mite transferred by intimate contact
Pediculosis
Head lice
Crab lice

37. Skin growths Callus – thickening of skin
Granulation tissue – beginning of a scab
Keloid – raised scar
Polyp – growth in a mucus membrane
Skin tags – benign growth that tends to enlarge with age

38. Skin cancer Basal cell carcinoma Epithelioma Malignant melanoma
Squamous cell carcinoma

39. A B C D

41. Burns Caused by heat, flame, sun, or chemicals Rule of nines
More than 15 % is considered serious

43. Diagnostic Procedures of the Integumentary System Biopsy

44. Animations
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

45. Click to play animation
The Skin
[Insert Skin animation]
Click to play animation

46. Click to play animation
Burns
[Insert Burns animation]
Click to play animation

47. Answers to Learning Exercises
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

48. Chapter 12 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 12.1. bi/o 12.2. urtic/o
12.3. erythr/o
12.4. hidr/o
12.5. rhytid/o
Matching Word Parts 2
12.6. melan/o
12.7. lip/o
12.8. kerat/o
12.9. pedicul/o
dermat/o

49. Chapter 12 Answers Matching Word Parts 3 12.11. xer/o 12.12. myc/o
hirsut/o
onych/o
seb/o
Definitions
cellulitis
dysplastic nevi
alopecia areata
hematoma
diaphoresis

50. Chapter 12 Answers Definitions 12.21. cicatrix 12.22. bulla
debridement
second-degree
verrucae
Matching Structures
keratin
unguis
sebaceous glands
mammary glands
dermis

51. Chapter 12 Answers Which Word? 12.31. onychocryptosis 12.32. impetigo
laceration
basal cell
necrotizing fasciitis
Spelling Counts
psoriasis
eczema
abscess
onychia
scleroderma

52. Chapter 12 Answers Abbreviation Identification Term Selection
basal cell carcinoma
incision and drainage
lupus erythematosus
malignant melanoma
squamous cell carcinoma
Term Selection
granuloma
pediculosis corporis
erythema
scales
carbuncle

53. Chapter 12 Answers Sentence Completion 12.51. purulent
onychomycosis
gangrene
melanosis
urticaria
Word Surgery
rhytid, -ectomy
onych/o, myc, -osis
follicul, -itis
prurit, -us
ichthy, -osis

54. Chapter 12 Answers True/False 12.61. True 12.62. False 12.63. True
Clinical Conditions
sclerotherapy
albinism
hematoma
abrasion
petechiae

55. Chapter 12 Answers Clinical Conditions 12.71. scabies
Mohs surgery
blepharoplasty
abscess
sleep hyperhidrosis
Which Is the Correct Medical Term?
paronychia
comedo
psoriasis
koilonychia
nevi

56. Chapter 12 Answers Challenge Word Building 12.81. onychomalacia
hypohidrosis
rhinoplasty
onychoma
melanopathy
onychectomy
anonychia
dermatopathy
mycosis
melanodermatitis

57. Chapter 12 Answers Labeling Exercises 12.91. cyst 12.92. pustule
vesicle
bulla
ulcer
epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous
sebaceous
sweat