1. COMPONENTS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Dr. Ammar Jusmani
MSc. Clinical Microbiology
Ibn Sina University of the Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

2. Contents 1)Word Roots 2)Prefixes 3)Suffixes
4)Body Systems, Organs, Tissues, and Cells
5)Commonest Combining Vowel
6)Analyzing Medical Terminology

3. OBJECTIVES 1)To DEVELOP a “VISUAL RELATIONSHIP” with the human body.
2)To ARRANGE the human body in a structured manner.

4. Word Roots
Word Roots are DESCRIBED as the FOUNDATION, MAIN PART, or THE CENTRAL PART OF THE MEDICAL TERM.
They FREQUENTLY DESCRIBE A body ORGAN, TISSUE or CELL.

5. BODY SYSTEMS There are 11/ 12 body systems in the human body.
1)Nervous System.
2)Cardiovascular
3)Respiratory system
4)MusculoSkeletal system
5)Digestive system.
6)Urinary system.

6. BODY SYSTEMS contd… 7)Endocrine system 8)Lymphatic system
9)Immune system
10)Reproductive system )Integumentary system.
Sometimes the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM is split into TWO systems :
MUSCULAR and SKELETAL SYSTEMS.

7. STUDENT ASSIGNMENT
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE VARIOUS BODY SYSTEMS?

8. COMPARATIVE TERMINOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
ENGLISH
LATIN/ GREEK
Head Skull Inside the head Brain coverings Spinal Cord
Cephal/(O) Cranium Encephal/(O) Meninges Myel/(O)
COMPARATIVE TERMINOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

9. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Nose “Voice box” “Windpipe” Airways of the Lungs
ENGLISH
LATIN / GREEK
Nose
“Voice box”
“Windpipe”
Airways of the Lungs
Lung
Rhin/ (O)
Larynx / (O)
Trachea/ (O)
Bronchi/ (O)
Pulmo/(O)
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

10. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
ENGLISH
LATIN / GREEK
Heart
Blood Vessel
Vein
Blood
Cardi/ (O)
Angi/ (O)
Ven/(O) or Phleb/ (O)
Hem/(O)
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

11. MUSCULOSKELETAL ENGLISH LATIN/GREEK Bone Cartilage Joint Bone Marrow
Tendon(m/b)
Bag(shock absorber t/b)
Muscles
Oste /(O)
Chondr/(O)
Arthr /(O)
Myel/ (O)
Ten(O), Tendin/(O)
Burs/(O)
My/(O), Myos/(O)
MUSCULOSKELETAL

12. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN/ GREEK Gullet Stomach Liver
Gall bladder(sac)
Gall, Bile
Esophagus , Esophag(O)
Gastr/(O)
Hepat/(O)
Cholecyst/(O)
Chol/(e)
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

13. URINARY SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN/ GREEK Kidney Water Bladder
Collecting ducts
Ren/(O), Nephr/(O)
Hydr/(O)
Cyst/(O)
Pyel/(O)
URINARY SYSTEM

14. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN/ GREEK Pituitary gland Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Adrenal glands
These are the primary endocrine glands that produce hormones for the human body.
Hypophysis cerebri
Ditto
Suprarenal gland
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

15. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN/GREEK Pancreas Ovaries (in females)
Testes(in males)
Kidneys
Liver
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

16. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
ENGLISH
LATIN /GREEK
Uterus
Uterine tube
Vagina
Ovary Menstruation
Breast
Hyster/(O), Metr/
Salpin/(O), Salpinx
Colp/(O)
Oophor/(O)
Mamm/(O), Mast/(O)
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

17. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
English
LATIN/GREEK
Testis
Male
Prostate
Vessel duct
Testis, Testify, Testimonial, Testament share a common root meaning.
Orchid/(O), Test/(O)
Andr/(O)
Prostat/(O)
Vas/(O)
Testis means witness in Latin; witness to manhood.
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

18. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN/GREEK Gland Immunity Lymph Lymph node
Lymphatic vessels
Spleen
Thymus
Aden/(O)
Immun/(O)
Lymph/(O)
Lymphaden/(O)
Lymphangi/(O)
Splen/(O)
Thym/(O)
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

19. IMMUNE SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN/GREEK White blood cells White lood cells
Neutrally stained
Stain blue
Stain pink
Large eaters
Antigen presenting cells
B-Lymphocytes
T-Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
IMMUNE SYSTEM

20. Immune system Innate immune system FUNCTIONS Skin Stomach acid
1)physical barriers
2)chemical barriers
3)Cytokines
4)Complement cascade
5)Fever
6)Antigen presentation
Skin
Stomach acid
Recruitment of cells
Identify,kill bacteria
To activate the adaptive immune system
Immune system

21. ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
FEATURE
FUNCTION
Memory Recognition of non-self antigens
Development of immunological memory
Signature of pathogen on Antibodies is remembered
This protects the body from being attacked by its own immune system.
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM

22. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN/GREEK Skin Upon Fat Black Nail
Thick
Hard, tough
Sweat
Cut-
Derma-
Epi-
Lipo-
Melan/(O)
Onych/(O)
Pachy-
Scler/(O)
Sudor-
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

23. CONCLUSIONS
1) The vowel (O) is the commonest combining vowel in medical Terminology.
2)Word roots commonly refer to body systems, Organs, Tissues.