1. S1 Science Rocks
NEW LEARNING
Through evaluation of a range of data, I can describe the formation, characteristics and uses of soils, minerals and basic types of rocks.
SCN 3-17a
REVISION
Having explored the substances that make up Earth's surface, I can compare some of their characteristics and uses.
SCN 2-17a

2. Starter Questions What do you think the Earth is made of?
Are rocks: Alive, Dead or Never Alive?
Write down 3 words to describe rocks.
Assessment
Opportunities
Questioning on video
Selecting info for cloze passage
Show me starters
HW 2.1

3. Structure of the Earth Today we will learn to
Describe the layers which make up planet Earth
We will do this by
Listening to a description, drawing a diagram and answering questions.
We will have succeeded if
We can describe the Earth to an alien (or our parents!).
The four parts of the earth.
Rocks vary in appearance and properties.
Teacher introduction
SS1 2.1 p16

4. Structure of the Earth crust inner core outer core mantle
Structure of the earth sheets- consumable

5. Structure of the Earth
Scientists have learned about the structure of the earth from the study of Seismology which is the study of earthquakes.
These happen when rocks slip inside the earth often at a weakness called a fault.

6. Structure of the Earth A – inner core B – outer core C – mantle
D – crust

7. Structure of the Earth
A: Inner Core: Mostly iron, dense ________, temperature about ________!
B: Outer Core: Mostly iron, dense ________, temperature about__________.
C: Mantle: Less dense than _________, temperature about ________.
D: Crust: Between __ and 90km thick. Least dense rock, __________ part.
solid
5000oC
liquid oC
core
1000oC 5
coolest

8. Starter Questions Draw a diagram of the earth and label the core.
Which part(s) of the earth’s structure is/are liquid?
Why is the part we live on called the crust?
Assessment
Opportunities
Starter questions
Recording results in a table
Using a key

9. Learning about the differences between different types of rocks.
Today we’ll be…..
Learning about the differences between different types of rocks.
By the end of the next couple of lessons...
You will be able to explain how crystals form inside rocks
We’ll do this by….
Examining different rock types, watching a film about how they form, and answering some questions.
Magma which reaches the earth’s surface is called lava.
Igneous rocks contain crystals.
Teacher introduction
SS1 2.1 p17
W.C.2.1a
Basalt and granite are igneous rocks.

10. The Rock Circus The Rock Circus
Workcard 2.1a and rock circus materials.
Identifying Rocks - Consumable

11. The Rock Circus ROCK Grains? Crystals? Layers? Scratches with ?
Bubbles
with acid? A B
Slight sparkle C D
Iron nail &
Coin E
Fingernail F

12. The Rock Circus

13. The Rock Circus A Granite B Sandstone C Slate D Limestone E Chalk
F Marble

14. Starter Questions
Describe some of the properties of different types of rocks.
What test could you use to rate the hardness of a rock?
Which type of rock do YOU think would be best for buildings?
Assessment
Opportunities
Class completion of animation
Cloze passage
Textbook questions as extension/consolidation

15. Learning how different types of rock form.
Today we’ll be…..
Learning how different types of rock form.
By the end of this lesson...
You will be able to explain how crystals form inside rocks
We’ll do this by….
Watching a film about how rocks form, and answering some questions.
Igneous rocks are formed from magma cooling.
Weathering breaks up rocks.
Erosion is weathering followed by transport.
Broken rock gets cemented together to form a sedimentary rock.
Existing rocks can be changed by heat or pressure to produce a metamorphic rock.
Marble and slate are examples of metamorphic rocks.

16. metamorphic rocks slate and marble
The Rock Cycle
Weathering breaks down rocks.
igneous rocks
basalt
volcano
Rocks rise
to the surface by
uplift and erosion.
transportation
and deposition
sea
Magma
rises to
the surface
where it
cools rapidly.
sedimentary rocks
mudstone
igneous rocks
granite
high pressure
and temperature
slow solidification
metamorphic rocks slate and marble
magma
melt

17. Sedimentary Rocks How They are Made
Wind and water break down existing rocks
Bits of existing rock settle in lakes and rivers
Layers are formed and build up as the existing rocks stick together
Pressure and time turn the layers to sedimentary rock

18. Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Mudstone
Sandstone
Limestone
Gypsum
Coal
Rock Salt

19. Metamorphic Rocks What are They?
Rocks that have changed
They were once igneous or sedimentary
Pressure and heat changed the rocks
The newly formed metamorphic rock can have different properties to the rock it was formed from

20. Types of Metamorphic Rocks
Gneiss
marble
Slate
Mica schist

21. Rocks Have Been Used For Many Years and For Many Things

22. What type of Rock are the following made from ?
The White House
Taj Mahal
Made from sandstone
then painted white
Made from Indian marble

25. Starter Questions Name 3 different types of rock found in the earth.
Pick one type of rock and describe how it is formed.
Why do you think some rocks have crystals in them?
Assessment
Opportunities
Workcard 2.1b
Rock cycle sheets - consumable

26. Learning how crystals form in igneous rock.
Today we’ll be…..
Learning how crystals form in igneous rock.
By the end of the lesson...
You will be able to explain why crystals in rock are different sizes.
We’ll do this by….
Doing an experiment to cool hot liquid and examining what it looks like afterwards.
Igneous rocks contain crystals.
Rate of cooling affects the size of crystals.
Basalt and granite are igneous rocks.

27. Crystals in Igneous Rock

28. Crystals in Igneous Rock

29. Crystals in Igneous Rock
The crystals in igneous rock form as the hot magma (lava) cools down.
Different sized crystals form because the magma cools at different rates in different places, dependent on the
temperature.

30. Hard Rock Investigation
S1 Earth & Rocks Topic
Hard Rock Investigation
Assessment
Opportunities
Planning (PFT) sheet.
Graphing skills assessment on bar chart

31. Apparatus used
Slabs of different types of rock labelled with their name and whether they are igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary
A steel ball bearing
A transparent plastic tube 60cm long and just wide enough to let the ball bearing fall freely down it
Something else
Using the apparatus above, including something else, design an experiment to measure the hardness of different rocks.
HARD ROCK INVESTIGATION – Planning assessment and reporting on sample results.

32. Height ball bearing bounces (cm)
Hard Rock Results
Name of Rock
Type of Rock
Height ball bearing bounces (cm)
Slate
Metamorphic 22
Chalk
Sedimentary 15
Granite
Igneous 58
Basalt 47
Marble 45
Limestone 43
Gneiss 35
Serpentine 23
Sandstone 38

33. Hard Rock Results
Plot, Label, Units, Scale, size

34. Starter Questions
What important features should always be present and correct in a graph?
How is metamorphic rock formed?
Give an example of a metamorphic rock.
Assessment
Opportunities
Questioning
Following instructions/practical skills
Extension work p22 SS - questions

35. Learning how fossils form in sedimentary rock.
Today we’ll be…..
Learning how fossils form in sedimentary rock.
By the end of the lesson...
You will be able to explain how fossils were preserved on the sea bed.
We’ll do this by….
Doing an experiment to look at how fossils were preserved and discussing fossils
Fossils are traces of prehistoric life.
Fossils can give an indication of the environment at the time of their life.
Fossils are made in several stages after time and pressure

36. Has our country always been here?
Most of our country is made from sedimentary rock – what does this tell you?
Our land was once underwater!
Teacher introduction
SS1 2.2 p22
W.C.2.2c Homework 2.2

37. Fossils Fossils are traces of prehistoric life.
They are plants or animals that were buried in sediment and preserved.
Usually it was the print that was left – the rock in the shape of the animal or plant.
The types of fossils in an area give clues to the area’s history.

38. Starter Questions
Write down the stages involved in the formation of a fossil.
Draw a diagram to represent each stage.
What type of rock are fossils usually found in?
Assessment Opportunities:
Starters
Numeracy skills for calculation
 Complete Revision Sheets

39. Learning what soil is made of. By the end of the lesson...
Today we’ll be…..
Learning what soil is made of.
By the end of the lesson...
You will be able to explain what the three main components of soil are.
We’ll do this by….
Doing an experiment to heat soil and weighing it before and after.
Origin and components of soil.
Experiment to analyse soil
Different soil types

40. Soil What do you think soil is made up of?
It doesn’t look like much, but it is full of life

41. What is Soil Made of?
Soil is made up from broken down rocks. Soil also contains air, water and humus (dead animal and plants which have slowly rotted away) There are different types of soil: clay soil & sandy soil The best type of soil is called LOAM THIS IS A SOIL THAT CONTAINS SOME CLAY, SAND AND LOTS OF HUMUS.

42. Soil Experiment Measurement made Result (g)
Weight of dish and soil before drying (a)
Weight of dish and soil after drying (b)
Weight of water lost (a-b)
Weight of dish and soil after heating (c)
Weight of humus lost (b-c)

43. What is Soil Made Of?
Soil is produced when rock breaks down. The type of soil depends on the type of rocks broken down. Clay soils have lots of tiny grains of clay stuck closely together. Sandy soils have larger grains with bigger air spaces between them.
Humus is made from rotting plant and animal remains. It breaks down to give useful minerals which plants can use as food. The best type of soil is called LOAM . This is a soil that contains a small amount of clay, some sand and lots of humus.