1. Impact of Christianity
During the age of saints,

2. Discuss the Age of Saints: 600-800
Why were there so many saints in Bede’s account?
How did stories about saints promote Christian belief?
How do saints compare to other types of heroes, such as warrior heroes like Beowulf?

3. Discuss Bede
Who were Bede’s heroes, and what types of heroes did he identify?
Who were the anti-heroes?
In what sense were saints heroes, and how did stories of their lives help to spread and to reinforce the faith?
What were the most notable effects of Theodore’s tenure as archbishop?
What impression do you get from his descriptions of monasteries
How were the founded?
What happened there?

4. Was Hilda of Whitby one of Bede’s heroes?
If so, what were the consequences?
If not, why did he write so much about her?

5. Saints Oswald and Aidan
Responsible for the spread of Christianity to Northumbria in 630s and 640s
Worked closely and established Lindisfarne

6. St. Cuthbert 635-687 Most popular saint in England until Thomas Becket

7. St. Boniface

8. St. Boniface converts the continental Saxons c. 720

9. St. Boniface c. 754 Baptizing & Martyrdom

10. Features of Early Christianity
Book religion
Asceticism
Martyrdom
Evangelical
Hierarchical

11. Skellig Michael in Ireland

12. Monastic cells at Skellig Michael

14. Charlemagne’s Empire

15. Alcuin of York ( )

16. Carolingian Manuscript c. 800

17. Discuss Northumbrian Renaissance
What does the term Renaissance indicate?
What would a Renaissance from England in the 700s CE look like?
Where did it take place
What were its preoccupations
How did it compare to the Italian Renaissance of the 1400s and 1500s?

18. Monastic scribes

19. Book of Kells c. 800 Illuminated Manuscript Irish Minscule
Produced during a 30 year period by a team of perhaps 6 monks
Uncial Script for capital letters

20. Laws of Aethelberht of Kent c. 600 CE

21. Charters

22. Anglo-Saxon Charter

23. Chirograph

25. The Ismere Diploma 736 Charter during Aethelbald’s reign 716-757

26. Consider for final exam
How did charters increase peace and royal authority?
When and where were they first introduced in the British Isles?
What kept the Anglo-Saxons from adopting them rapidly?
What factors led to increased adoption?

27. Tribal Hidage c. 700 Hwinca syfan þusend hyda. 7,000
Ciltern sætna feower þusend hyda. 4,000
Hendrica þryu þusend hyda ond fif hund hyda. 3,500
Unecungaga twelf hund hyda. 1,200
Arosætna syx hund hyda. 600
Bilmiga syx hund hyda. 600
Widerigga eac swa. 600
Eastwilla syx hund hyda 600
Westwilla syx hund hyda 600
East engle þrittig þusend hida 30,000
Eastsexena syofon þusend hyda 7,000
Cantwarena fiftene þusend hyda 15,000
Suþsexena syufan þusend hyda 7,000
Westsexena hund þusend hyda. 100,000

28. Bede

29. What happened to Celtic Christianity after the Synod of Whitby?
The Celts fought a war and against the Roman Christians
The Celts returned to their strongholds, such as Iona and Ireland
Celtic Christians adopted Roman customs
The Roman Christians formally excommunicated the Celts.

30. How did Bede describe the influence of Archbishop Theodore?
What are the signs that a renaissance was taking place in England beginning around 670?
How did Bede describe the influence of Archbishop Theodore?
Why was Theodore an unlikely person to become archbishop?

31. Codex Amiatinus c. 700

32. How did Book Four of Bede begin?
With a search for a new archbishop of Canterbury
With the pope’s excommunication of the Celts
With the death of King Oswy in battle against the pagans
With the arrival of the vikings

33. How did Theodore establish his authority in England?
He visited every bishop and corrected erroneous practices
He held councils or synods to establish unity
He encouraged instruction in Latin and Greek
He encouraged knowledge of Christian music
All of the above
None of the above

34. Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms c. 700

36. Coins of Offa

37. What do you make of Bede’s accounts of miracles?
I believe as a matter of faith
They seem like preposterous lies that undermine his credibility
They fit into his ideological world view and are therefore understandable
They yield valuable clues to the beliefs of the Age of Saints
Some of the above

38. What was the fate of Archbishop of Theodore who came to Canterbury from Rome at age 66?
He died at sea on his journey from Rome
Upon arrival in Kent, he was attacked and killed by savage pagans
He brought Kent back into the Christian fold before dying at age 70
He ruled as archbishop of Canterbury for another 20 years

39. What is your impression of the miracles recounted in Bede?
How do we make sense of his miracles?
How were they connected to the purposes of his book?