1. Chapter 14 World War 1 Section 1 -The Great War Begins
Objectives
Describe how international rivalries and nationalism pushed Europe toward war.
Explain how the assassination in Sarajevo led to the start of World War I.
Analyze the causes and effects of the European alliance system.
Why and how did World War I begin in 1914?

2. Entente – a nonbinding agreement to follow common policies
Key Terms and Places
Entente – a nonbinding agreement to follow common policies
Militarism – glorification of the military
Alsace and Lorraine – provinces on the border of Germany and France, lost by France to Germany in 1871; regained by France after WWI
Ultimatum – a final set of demands
Mobilize – to prepare military forces for war
Neutrality – supporting neither side in a war 2

3. Long Term Causes of WWI Remember M.A.I.N.
M. - Militarism
A. - Alliances
I. - Imperialism
N. - Nationalism

4. Militarism Glorifying Military Power
Keeping a large standing army prepared for war
Arms race for military technology

5. Alliance
Signed treaties in which each nation involved pledges to defend the other if attacked by an aggressor.
Designed to keep peace in Europe, instead pushed continent towards war.
Many Alliances made in secret.

6. Imperialism
Domination by one country over the political, economic or cultural life of another country or region.
Due to the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s, some European nations had a large portion of the world under their control.
Think colonies!

7. Nationalism
Pride and Deep Devotion to One’s Nation
In terms of WWI, nationalism became aggressive and subsequently (because of this) a major cause of international tension.

8. Triple Alliance or Central Powers Triple Entente or Allies
European powers created alliances in the late nineteenth century to promote peace.
Triple Alliance or Central Powers
Triple Entente or Allies
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Eventually added:
Ottoman empire
France
Russia
Britain
Japan 8

9. Key Leaders Triple Alliance Triple Entente Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany)
Franz Joseph I
(Austria-Hungary)
Vittorio Orlando
(Italy)
Triple Entente
David Lloyd George (England)
Raymond Poincare
(France)
Czar Nicholas II
(Russia)

10. These alliances were based on previous wars, new economic rivalries, and competition for colonies.
These rivalries increased militarism, which painted war in a romantic light.
The great powers began to increase the size of their armies and navies. 10

11. Growing nationalism and economic competition also caused tensions within countries and across European borders.
Germany’s industrial advances threatened Britain. Germany feared that Russian industry was catching up to its own.
Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman empire struggled to survive the threat of growing nationalism within their borders. 11

12. Nationalism sparked tensions all over Europe.
France sought to regain Alsace and Lorraine, provinces that it had lost to Germany in the Franco-Prussian War.
Russia supported Pan-Slavism, which held that all Slavic people, regardless of borders, shared a common nationality.
Several Balkan states fought wars, first against the Ottoman empire, then against one another. The Balkans were called the “powder keg of Europe.”

13. Archduke Francis Ferdinand was heir to the Austrian throne.
An assassination on June 28, 1914, lit the fuse that set off the Balkan powder keg.
Archduke Francis Ferdinand was heir to the Austrian throne.
While on a visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, he and his wife Sophie were shot to death by a Serbian nationalist. 13

14. After the assassination, Serbia and Austria quickly moved toward war.
With the approval of the Kaiser William II of Germany, Austria issued an ultimatum to Serbia.
Serbia agreed to most of Austria’s demands, but not all of them.
On July 28, 1914, Austria declared war on Serbia.

15. Serbia sought help from its ally Russia, which began to mobilize.
The war between Austria and Serbia soon drew the great powers into the conflict.
Serbia sought help from its ally Russia, which began to mobilize.
Germany declared war on Russia.
Although Germany warned France to stay out of the conflict, France supported Russia. 15

17. Germany declared war on France.
Days later, Germany marched through Belgium and headed south to attack France.
Britain, which had pledged to defend Belgium’s neutrality, declared war on Germany on August 4. 17

18. At the onset, the war brought a renewed sense of patriotism.
Patriotism is an emotional attachment to a nation which an individual recognizes as their homeland. This attachment, also known as national feeling or national pride, can be viewed in terms of different features relating to one's own nation, including ethnic, cultural, political or historical aspects.
Patriotic fever helped governments divert attention from labor disputes or nationalist disturbances within their borders.
Young men rushed to enlist in what seemed like an exciting adventure.
But this sense of optimism would not last long. 18

19. Why and how did World War I begin in 1914?
By 1914, Europe had enjoyed a century of relative peace. Two alliances were formed with the intention of keeping that peace.
When an Austrian Archduke was assassinated, a local conflict became an international war because of alliance obligations. 19