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Motivation 1 1
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Overview Definition of Motivation Motivation Theories
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Tips for Keeping Subordinates Motivated 2 2
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Webster’s Definition MOTIVATION: An impulse, emotion, desire or psychological need acting as incitement to action. Kanfer’s View: Motivation is anything that provides: Direction Intensity Persistence 3 3
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Getting people doing what needs to be done because they want to do it.
Motivation Defined Getting people doing what needs to be done because they want to do it. MOTIVATION IS INTERNAL 4 4
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Motivation’s Three Steps
Begins with need Action to address need Need satisfied
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Motivation Defined Motivation Chain Ability Desire Reward 5 5
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Psychological Schools of Thought
Psychoanalytic – outside influences affect motivation Behaviorist – behavior modification affects motivation Human Relations – allowing more individual authority affects motivation
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival 8 8
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Supervisory Qualities Enhanced by Knowing
- A lower level need must be satisfied before the next higher level becomes important in motivating behavior And - Only relatively unsatisfied needs are capable of motivating people
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival
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Survival Clothing Food Shelter
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival
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Safety Physical Safety Psychological Safety Home Health Job Retirement
From Harm Insurance Savings
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival 8 8
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Belonging Approval Love Acceptance Warmth
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival 8 8
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Esteem - Ego Recognition Worth Status Self-respect
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival 8 8
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Self-Actualization Self-Fulfillment Personal Growth
Realizing Potential
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Reminder A lower level need must be satisfied before the next higher level becomes important in motivating behavior - Only relatively unsatisfied needs are capable of motivating people
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McGregor’s Theory X and Y
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McGregor’s Theory X People, by nature, don’t like to work
People lack ambition and must be coerced or forced to work People prefer to be told what to do People resist change People are gullible and not overly intelligent
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McGregor’s Theory X Hard Approach Coercion
Tight controls over behavior
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McGregor’s Theory X Soft Approach Satisfying People’s Demands
Achieving Harmony
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McGregor’s Theory Y People may actively seek work instead of avoiding it People prefer participative management People prefer setting their own goals People seek responsibility
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McGregor’s Theories: A Comparative Snapshot
Theory X External control Hard and soft approach Theory Y Internal or self-control Environment approach Create opportunities
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Tips for Keeping Subordinates Motivated
Start with a goal or mission Make the task clear Match the people with the task Remove the roadblocks Give positive feedback
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Tips for Keeping Subordinates Motivated
Give more responsibility when appropriate Let people work independently Recognize achievements / contributions Don’t make promises you can’t keep Be a good role model
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Summary Definition of Motivation Motivation Theories
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Tips for Keeping Subordinates Motivated 2 2
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