1. Maps

2. In this class we are studying about maps. Online maps and offline maps.
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3. Did you know the subject of making maps actually has a fancy name
Did you know the subject of making maps actually has a fancy name? It is called cartography. And cartography goes back a long, long time!
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4. The very first maps were not made of the Earth but of the night sky
The very first maps were not made of the Earth but of the night sky. Maps have been found on cave walls that are over 18,000 years old. The maps showed the stars up in the sky that could be seen.
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5. Early land maps have also been shown on cave walls. It makes sense
Early land maps have also been shown on cave walls. It makes sense. Even if you were a caveman or cavewoman tens of thousands of years ago, a map might be helpful.
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6. Let’s say you want to meet a fellow caveman somewhere.
You might carve a map on a cave wall for him.
It might show trees nearby, or rivers or hills.
That way you would know where to meet
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7. That’s really all a map is
That’s really all a map is. A way to show the places around you in a helpful way.
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8. Another helpful thing to know is directions
Another helpful thing to know is directions. Knowing which way is North, East, South & West will help you follow your map.
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9. To know which way is North, it is helpful to have a compass
To know which way is North, it is helpful to have a compass. A compass always points to the North.
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10. Maps usually show which is way is North too
Maps usually show which is way is North too. You will often see a “compass rose” on a map, which tells which direction is which.
N stands for North
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11. Most maps also have another guide called a KEY or LEGEND
Most maps also have another guide called a KEY or LEGEND. This tells you what the symbols on the map means.
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12. For instance, the KEY might tell you that…
A squiggly blue line stands for a river
Or a black line with crossed lines stands for a railroad
Or that a red line is an interstate highway
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13. It is very important to know what the symbols on a map stand for, otherwise you won’t be able to read the map.
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14. There are also many different types of maps
There are also many different types of maps. Here we see what is called a Climate Map. It is used to show the weather in different areas.
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15. This type of map is called a physical map
This type of map is called a physical map. It shows rivers, lakes and mountains. It also uses different color to show high and low areas. Like the orange part here is the Rocky Mountains…
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16. Here we see what is called a political map
Here we see what is called a political map. This type of map doesn’t show mountains or height. Instead it focuses on the names of cities and towns as well as the borders.
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17. On a political map, capital cities are usually shown with a star or a circle.
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18. Road Maps mainly exist to show where roads, streets, highways and railroads are located. They are very helpful if you are lost!
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19. And Resource Maps show what things certain regions produce
And Resource Maps show what things certain regions produce. For instance, if you see an orange next to Florida, that means Florida sells a lot of oranges to the rest of the country. Or a potato next to Idaho means that they grow potatoes there.
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20. Here is an example of one...
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21. For thousands of years, there were only offline maps
For thousands of years, there were only offline maps. Now we have maps on computers and online that are making maps even more useful!
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