1. Industrial Revolution
SECONDARY - Stearns & Chapman - Progress or Decline
Industrial Revolution
KEY CONCEPT 3.1
The Industrial Revolution spread from Great Britain to the continent, where the state played a greater role in promoting industry.

2. Industrial Revolution in Britain 656-665
Introduction
General Overview
power machinery replaces hand tools
origin – Great Britain, 1750’s
French Revolution & Napoleonic Wars delay the continent
Continental Europe starts post-1815
spreads from west to east, but regional
northern, not Mediterranean
Historic Import
dominates 19th Century
urbanization
self-conscious proletariat
ascendancy of the bourgeoisie
alters family structure
eventually improves quality of life

3. Growth of Rural Industry 560-566
Industrial Revolution in Britain
Reasons for British Leadership
Enclosure Movement
pool of available cheap labor
Agricultural Revolution
fewer farmers fed more people
Population Explosion
1750 – 10 million / 1850 – 30 million
more workers AND more consumers

4. Growth of Rural Industry 560-566
Industrial Revolution in Britain
Reasons for British Leadership
Commercial Revolution
venture capitalist investors
stable Bank of England
*insurance

5. Growth of Rural Industry 560-566
Industrial Revolution in Britain
Reasons for British Leadership
Enlightenment
Royal Society promotes science
inventors and entrepreneurs rewarded

6. Growth of Rural Industry 560-566
Industrial Revolution in Britain
Reasons for British Leadership
Glorious Revolution
political stability
*property rights

7. Industrial Revolution in Britain 656-665
Textile Industry
The Incentive
established wool trade
global demand for cotton cloth
entrepreneurs
*Industrious Revolution

8. Industrial Revolution in Britain 656-665
Textile Industry
Inventions
John Kay – flying shuttle, 1733
James Hargreaves – spinning jenny, 1764
Richard Arkwright – water frame, 1769
Samuel Crompton – spinning mule, 1779
Edmund Cartwright – power loom, 1785
Eli Whitney – cotton gin, 1793
production increases 500% from

9. Industrial Revolution in Britain 656-665
Textile Industry
Steam Engine
James Watt
replaces water power
iron production

10. Industrial Revolution in Britain 656-665
Textile Industry
Railroad
Liverpool-Manchester Railway, 1830
industrial growth
regional/national markets
reduced shipping costs
leisure travel

11. 1/5 global industrial output
Industrial Revolution in Britain
Great Britain’s Industrial Dominance
Statistical Measures of British Prosperity, 1850
1/2 world’s cotton
2/3 world’s coal
1/2 world’s iron
1/3 world’s trade
2/3 coal
1/2 iron
1/2 cotton cloth
1/5 global industrial output

12. Industrial Revolution in Britain 656-665
Great Britain’s Industrial Dominance
Great Exhibition, 1851
Hall of Machinery / Crystal Palace
Making Comparisons: The Crystal Palace and the Arc de Triomphe
English economic dominance with modern materials
French military dominance with ancient style

13. KEY CONCEPT 3.2 KEY CONCEPT 3.3
The experiences of everyday life were shaped by industrialization, depending on the level of industrial development in a particular location.
KEY CONCEPT 3.3
The problems of industrialization provoked a range of ideological, governmental, and collective responses.

14. Relations Between Capital and Labor 672-681
Social Effects of Industrialization
Factory System
factors of production in one place
putting-out system disappears
two self-conscious classes – proletariat and bourgeoisie 

15. Relations Between Capital and Labor 672-681
Social Effects of Industrialization
Working-Class Misery
accidents and epidemic disease
14 hour work days
child labor
no security or insurance
dominant social/political issue
Friedrich Engels – The Condition of the Working Class in England in New

16. Relations Between Capital and Labor 672-681
Social Effects of Industrialization
Urbanization
increases over 500%
overcrowded and unsanitary

17. Relations Between Capital and Labor 672-681
Social Effects of Industrialization
Middle-Class Prosperity
haute bourgeoisie
petite bourgeoisie

18. Debate Over Urban Guilds 566-569
Industrial Revolution in Britain
Classical British Economic Theory
Shared Beliefs
Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations
“invisible hand”
limited government interference

19. Debate Over Urban Guilds 566-569
Thomas Malthus – An Essay on the Principle of Population New
Industrial Revolution in Britain
David Riccardo – On Wages New
Classical British Economic Theory
Thomas Malthus on Population
population growth faster than food production
inevitable famine and misery
David Ricardo on Wages
“iron law of wages”
labor is a commodity
supply and demand
justifies low wages and anti-union

20. Relations Between Capital and Labor 672-681
Working-Class Protest in Great Britain
Luddites
Early Labor Unions
Combination Acts,
repealed 1824
unions legalized in 1875

21. Spread of Radical Ideas 691-697
Robert Owen – A New View of Society New
Socialism
Shared Beliefs
“haves” versus “have nots”
means of production owned by the community
Utopian Socialism
Charles Fourier
Louis Blanc
*Henri de Saint-Simon
*Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Robert Owen

22. Spread of Radical Ideas 691-697
Marx and Engels – The Communist Manifesto New
Marxism and the Socialist Movement
Marxian Socialism
Friedrich Engels – The Condition of the Working Class in England,1844
Karl Marx
Communist Manifesto,1848
dialectical process
bourgeoisie vs. proletariat
“dictatorship of the proletariat”
*(frequently tested – quotes and terms)

23. Spread of Radical Ideas 691-697
Marxism and the Socialist Movement
*Communist International
*August Bebel
*Clara Zetkin
*Rosa Luxemburg

24. Spread of Radical Ideas 691-697
Marxism and the Socialist Movement
Edward Bernstein and Evolutionary Socialism
gradual reform through the system

25. Spread of Radical Ideas 691-697
anarchists:
*Mikhail Bakunin
*Georges Sorel