1. Ch. 33 Important People
AP World History

2. Indira Gandhi

3. Indira Gandhi Prime Minister of India in the 60s, 70s, & 80s
Father was Nehru
Sought to feed India and improve standard of living
Dealt with Sikh separatists
Assassinated in 1984
Spent much of her time holding country together
Was a champion of poor and powerless

4. Gamal Abdul Nasser

5. Gamal Abdul Nasser
Nationalist founder of the Free Officer’s Movement in the 1930s
Led coup in Egypt in 1952 & removed King Farouk (khedive)
Implemented land reform & state financed education
Reduced unemployment and restricted foreign investment
Most reforms were unsuccessful
Initiated 1956 Suez Canal crisis, Aswan Dam project, and Six Day War with Israel

6. Ayatollah Khomeni

7. Ayatollah Khomeni
Religious cleric who led the Iranian revolution of 1979
Distanced Iran from the West (American Embassy taken and hostages taken for 444 days)
Led Iran into the Iran/Iraq war (lost)
Emphasized religious purification, but did not improve standard of living
Limited reform to things along Islamic lines

8. F.W. de Klerk

9. F.W. de Klerk
President of South Africa that facilitated the end of apartheid
His election ushered in a new phase of South African history
Allowed peaceful demonstrations as his own party lost power
African National Congress (political organization) is legalized & Nelson Mandela is released from prison
Agrees to hold universal elections

10. Kwame Nkrumah

11. Kwame Nkrumah Leader of Ghana’s independence movement
Becomes 1st prime minister of Ghana
Crushed opposition and assumed dictatorial powers
Schemes – universal education and industrial development
Had rival political parties
Supported the Soviets
Price of cacao fell sharply and hurt Ghana economically
Deposed in 1966 while visiting another country

12. Hasan al-Banna

13. Hasan Al-Banna
Contempt for wealthy Egyptians and Europeans in Egypt (in the midst of appalling poverty)
Founded Muslim Brotherhood (1928)
Committed to revivalist approach to Islam
Main focus was social uplift and sweeping reforms
Promoted trade unions, building medical clinics, educating women, & land reform
Became highly politicized (strikes, urban riots, militant youth organizations, & paramilitary assassination squads
Assassinated in 1949 by khedive Farouk’s assassins

14. Anwar Sadat

15. Anwar Sadat
Member of the Free Officers Movement who removed King Farouk from power
Third president of Egypt (succeeded Nasser)
Led Egypt in the October War of 1973 to liberate Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, which Israel had occupied since the Six-Day War of 1967, made him a hero to Arabs
Negotiated the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty with Israel; this won him and Israel Prime Minister Menachem Begin the Nobel Peace Prize; led to his assassination

16. Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)

17. Mustafa Kemal
Member of the Young Turks – successfully deposed the Ottoman Sultan in 1908
Held a number of posts on the Ottoman army – fought in World War II
Turkey’s first president - modernized and secularized Turkey; believed in Westernization
Social (legal equality between sexes) and economic (industrialization/railways) reforms
Replaced the Arabic alphabet with a Latin one.
Introduced the Gregorian calendar & urged people to dress in Western clothes
Removed women’s veiling laws & gave suffrage

18. Bangladesh, Green Revolution, Biafra, African National Congress

19. Bangladesh, Green Revolution, Biafra, & African National Congress (ANC)
Bangladesh – civil war between East and West Pakistan in 1971 and then declared independence from Pakistan in 1971
Green Revolution – introduction of improved seed strains, fertilizers, and irrigation as a means of producing high crop yields
Biafra – Secessionist movement with very bloody warfare by the Ibo people of Nigeria from ; unsuccessful
ANC – Black organization in South Africa during Apartheid that was declared illegal; leaders such as Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu were imprisoned