1. The Microscope
The Unseen World

2. The Penny

3. The Penny
VDB
Victor D. Brenner

5. Frank Gasparro

6. Is an instrument which provides an enlarged image of an object.
The Microscope!!
Is an instrument which provides an enlarged image of an object.

8. History Anton Von Leeuwenhoek 1632
First to observe living bacteria & drew them.
Also looked at sperm & blood

9. Ash Tree cross- section
The Universality of Sex (sperm)
Three shapes of bacteria

10. Robert Hooke (1665)
Examines cork.
First to use the term “cell” referring to the many little boxes in cork.

11. Most commonly used microscope
Light Microscopes
The type we use in our labs
Most commonly used microscope
Uses light and lenses to magnify & view the specimen
Has two sets of lenses – Ocular (eye piece) & Objective (near the object being viewed)
Total magnification on our scopes = 40 – 1000 times
Total magnification = Ocular (10X) x Objective (40X
Low: 4 x 10 = 40
Med: 10 x 10 = 100
High: 40 x 10 = 400

12. Ocular – Eye piece (magnifies 10X)
Neck – Supports the eyepiece.
Objectives – 4 – 100x magnification
Arm – Supports neck and objectives. Carry by this
Stage and clips – Holds slides in place
Adjustments – Coarse & Fine. Focuses image
Diaphragm – Controls the amount of light coming through the stage
Light – Electric light source
Base – Bottom of scope. One hand goes underneath

13. The Diaphragm
Use the Diaphragm to adjust the amount of light

14. Focusing Use the Adjustment knobs to focus the image
Coarse adjustment brings the image into near focus
Fine adjustment (smaller knob) brings it into fine focus.
Only use this one when on you are on high power

15. Rules for using the Microscope
Use only the assigned microscope
Carry & place the scope properly (6cm from edge of table)
Do not let the cords dangle or get into the sinks
Clean lens only with lens paper. NO FINGERS!
Start on low (4x) power when you start your observations
Always focus (move the stage) away from the slide
Use the coarse adjustment first then the fine adjustment
Be careful when switching to high (40x) power to se that there is enough clearance between the objective and the slide
Do not use the coarse adjustment knob on high (40x) power
When you are done with the scope, turn off the light switch
Return the low power objective (4X) into place and raise the stage all the way up.
Always put scope away with cord wrapped around it, cover on & the low power objective in place
Put scopes away with the numbers facing out into the proper slot
Clean and dry all slides and cover slips before putting them away

16. Compound Microscope images
Diatom
Amoeba
Paramecium
Hydra budding
Daphnia
Euglena

17. Electron Microscopes
Uses electromagnets and streams of electrons to view a specimen
200,000 – 1,000,000x magnification
Animal cell
Plant cell

18. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) 1931
Image is seen on a computer screen
Specimen must be thinly sliced and coated with metal.
Gives a 2D image of specimen
Specimen must be dead

19. Herpes simplex viruses
Staphylococcus aureus
These have all had color added to them!!!
E. coli bacteria

20. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) – 1935 Gives a 3D image
Hookworm mouth!!!!!!

22. Images
Diatom
Weevil
Tick
Radiolarian

23. Threads
100x

24. The Letter “e”
40x x

25. Making a Wet Mount Slide
1. Get a thin slice/piece of whatever your specimen is.
2. Place ONE drop of water directly over the specimen.
3. Place the coverslip at a 45 degree angle (approximately), with one edge touching the water drop, and let go.

26. Beware of Air Bubbles!!