1. An introduction to the nonfiction genre

2. Information may be shaped by author’s purpose and attitude (Bias)
Definition
Prose writing
About real people, places, & events
Written to convey factual information
Information may be shaped by author’s purpose and attitude (Bias)

3. Nonfiction examples: Autobiography Journal Biography Editorial Memoir
Instruction Manual
Essay
Cookbook
Newspaper

4. Examples: essays, short stories, and novels
Prose Writing
Characterized by plain, straightforward statements found in everyday speech written in paragraph form
Examples: essays, short stories, and novels

5. Main idea
A main idea is important information that tells more about the overall idea of a paragraph or section of a text.

6. A brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form
Summary
A brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form

7. Making a logical conclusion based on factual evidence
Inference
Making a logical conclusion based on factual evidence

8. paraphrase
A restatement of an expression or a passage; presents the information in different words and often in a different form

9. Author’s Purpose
The author's intent either to inform or teach someone about something, to entertain people, or to persuade or convince their audience to do or not do something

10. Information from the reading that identifies a word or phrases
Context Clues
Information from the reading that identifies a word or phrases

11. Data within the text that proves or disproves the author’s claim
Evidence
Data within the text that proves or disproves the author’s claim

12. Reasoning
A statement presented in the text that justifies or explains the beliefs or actions of the author

13. Expresses an author's feelings or opinions about a particular subject
Subjective Writing
Expresses an author's feelings or opinions about a particular subject

14. Impersonal and factual writing
Objective Writing
Impersonal and factual writing

15. Type of reader who will read a piece of writing
Audience
Type of reader who will read a piece of writing

16. Presentation of clear and correct facts in a piece of writing.
Accuracy
Presentation of clear and correct facts in a piece of writing.

17. propaganda
A distortion of the facts in order to influence the way a reader thinks

18. A tendency to favor one side of an issue too much based on prejudices
bias
A tendency to favor one side of an issue too much based on prejudices

19. Examples: Home, Spider, Ugly, Skinny
connotation
The associated or secondary meaning of a word or expression in addition to its primary or literal meaning
Examples: Home, Spider, Ugly, Skinny
Denotation
The explicit (dictionary) or direct meanings of a word or expression
Examples: House, Untidy, Insect, Slender

20. diction
A writer’s choice of words, phrases, sentence structures and figurative language which combine to help create meaning

21. Rhetorical question
A question asked that is not intended to be answered
Example: Do you want homework this weekend?

22. QAR: Question, Answer, Relationship
4 types:
Right There
Think & Search
Author & Me
On My Own
Knowing what type of question is being asked makes it easier to answer the question!

23. Right There Answer is literally stated in one spot within the reading.
Students pick out the answer and copy it word-for-word
Minimal thinking required
These questions often start with:
Who...
What ...
Where ...
When...
What kind of...
How many...

24. Think & Search Answers are within the reading but not in one spot.
Spread across many paragraphs or pages of text
Students have to search through the reading and put chunks of text together
Questions usually start with:
List/Find/Name/Identify two examples...
For what reasons...explain two reasons...
Retell...Summarize...
What caused...How did...
Contrast/Compare...

25. Author & Me Answer not literally found within the text
Students need to think about how the text and what they already know fit together
Students must:
pull from background knowledge
Make connections
Cite evidence from the reading
Questions often include wording such as:
Cite evidence...
Explain/Support your thinking
What word means the same...
What MOST LIKELY...
Which BEST...

26. Own My Own
Student responses are based on personal opinions and background knowledge ONLY
Answers are “all about me” & “my thinking”
No reference to a reading passage

27. Title page & table of contents found at the beginning of books
Text Features
Parts of your textbook that have been created to help you locate and learn information.
Used in designing and organizing the pages of your textbook.
Title page & table of contents found at the beginning of books
Headings, graphics, main idea boxes, and bolded words found in the middle of book
Reference pages like glossaries, indexes, and atlases found at the end of your book

28. Why should I look at text features?
Will help you know what is most important in a lesson and help you locate information quickly
Looking at the titles in the table of contents or on a page can quickly tell you what information you will learn about.
Reference pages such as the glossary can help you find out more about a certain topic or word.

29. Text features that help with understanding:
Title, Author, Illustrator
Table of Contents
Chapter Introductions
Chapter Summaries
Pre & Post Reading Questions
Appendix
Glossary
Chapter Titles
Special Type within text (Bold, Italics, Underline, All Caps)
Graphics
Captions
Labels
Illustrations/Photographs
Footnotes
Fact Boxes

30. Text Features that help with vocabulary:
Glossary
Special type: bold, italics, underline, all caps
Footnotes
Vocabulary Boxes
Pronunciations

31. Text features that help with Main idea & Topics
Table of Contents
Headings
Index
Pre & Post Questions
Chapter Titles
Subheadings
Fact Boxes

32. Text Features that help with finding data and places:
Maps
Atlas
Charts
Tables
Diagrams
Timelines
Graphs