1. Geography Learning Technology Based on 3D CG with Geology Data Archives
I would like to talk about　題名
Daisuke Yoshino, ◎Satoshi Kishira, Miyuki Shimizu, Kensei Tsuchida, Shin-ya Uehara, Takeo Yaku

2. １
　　　　　　Introduction
First, I will speak about Introduction and background of this research

3. Background and Purpose
We present a next generation learning technology using 3D systems
We present a next generation learning technology using 3D systems
2D maps or 2D figures
learning directly from 3D data

4. Background We developed the WBT system for Geography education
VRML, and stereographic manipulating systems
A large dome-type stereographic system
But such systems require
Expensive
Large-scale equipment and contain information only on fragmentary subjects

5. Purpose
We will introduce the system structure of the learning system using 3D systems and describing how the system was developed from digital elevation map data
It’s an inexpensive polarized light stereographic system (stereogram) using popular crystal projectors
Including a Geography courseware that comprehensively supports Geography

6. Purpose
We investigate the effectiveness of our system using statistical methods
We test the system by providing content so users can view 3D Geography, learning directly from 3D data
A questionnaire was used to ask about the content of the system and about 3D landforms

7. 2
I would like to talk about system Overview
System Overview

8. Our system consists of one server system and two types of client system. The server system includes VRML and HTML content on a Web server
One client system, called the full learning client system, can use HTML and VRML content and stereographic content using a polarized light system
The other client system, called the simple learning system, can only use HTML and VRML content on a normal VDT

9. Full learning client system VRML-to-polarized light
One client system, called the full learning client system, can use HTML and VRML content and stereographic content using a polarized light system
VRML and HTML content
Internet
This figure shows a diagram of the layout of our system
Full learning client system
Video
screen
VDT
Polarized
light
projector
Polarized
light
projector
Keyboard PC
VRML viewer +
VRML-to-polarized light
data converter

10. The other client system, called the simple learning system, can only use HTML and VRML content on a normal VDT
VRML and HTML content
Internet
This figure shows a diagram of the layout of our system
Simple
learning system
VDT PC
VRML
viewer
Keyboard

11. The full learning client system
VRML
in a video screen
2 polarized light projectors
a real-time VRML-to-polarized light data converter
This picture shows a student using the learning system
It includes a keyboard and monitor, 2 polarized light projectors, a video screen and the PC with VRML viewer and a real-time VRML-to-polarized light data converter

12. The simple mode of our system
The simple mode of our system includes only the VRML viewer
The simple mode is suitable for students’ home computer systems without 3D stereographic instruments. Figure 3 is a picture of a client system in a usually terminal room

13. Simple learning system
Name
Spec.
Misc PC
PC with VRML viewer
Needs to run on the VRML data
Simple learning system PC
2GB memory
2 channel RGB output
VRML–to-polarized light data converter
Flexight
(SGI, Silicon studio)
Real-time conversion
2 polarized light projectors
2000 lumens
Portable type
Video screen
80“
Full learning client system
This figure shows system spec

14. 3
I would like to talk about development process
Development Process

15. Development Process
Our system uses and converts data from the following data archives
DEM 50M , DEM 250M , and DEM NASA GTOPO30. We convert this to 30-second mesh (900 M)
Pictures from NASA satellites
The system also requires the following software tools and documents during development
Japanese governmental geography education guidelines
Converters between DEMs and VRML through H7code files

16. 4
I would like to talk about teaching materials
Teaching Materials

17. Teaching Materials This system consists of each contents
Explanation of VRMLViewer
Geography CAI
Geology CAI
3D Inou-Map
Time Series 3D Map
Shimotakaido 3D Map
Volcanoe, Volcanic Lake, Volcanic Island
Character Extraction
3D Silkroad

18. System start page
We made 3Dcontents such as topographical maps by three-dimensional indication.
System start page

19. The learner's display
The frame on the left shows selection and control menus. The frame on the right shows content. The VRML data are usually displayed in the right frame.
VRML content　of　TOYOKAWA　３D　Topographical　Map

20. 3D landforms This is a example of 3D landforms
A VRML content　of　Mt.Nantai

21. 5
I would like to talk about estimation
Estimation

22. Purpose
We evaluated our system with the aim of using the results to refine the system
We investigated users’ impressions of the design and usability of the system and surveyed
A questionnaire about the content of the system and about 3D landforms

23. Questionnaire
We interviewed three people and asked about their knowledge of terms used in the system in order to make this questionnaire
Their interest in the content
The clarity of term explanation
The difficulty of the content
The system’s promotion of science
Interviewees provided information about usability of the viewer and quality, size and reality of motion pictures. The information was used for making items of questionnrie

24. Questionnaire
We applied the KJ method to the interview answers and selected 30 items for the questionnaire
Questionnaire used a five-point scale rating system
The questionnaire had 25 questions, each scored from 0 to 4

25. Participants 35 students participated in our experiment
Average age of 19.2 years
We excluded data from two participants because of data loss, finally using 33 participants’ data for analysis

26. Factor analysis Unweighted least squares and varimax rotation
Extracted five factors from the analysis
Eigenvalues is used in order to identify a number of factor
The eigenvalues
9.19 for the first factor
3.59 for the second factor
2.44 for the third factor
1.91 for the fourth factor
1.61 for the fifth factor
Users evaluated the system from five viewpoints. We grouped into five factors and named them.

27. Results
We evaluated our system with the aim of using the results to refine the system
We investigated users’ impressions of the design and usability of the system and surveyed
A questionnaire about the content of the system and about 3D landforms.

28. Results Factor 1 “interest and attraction”
Average scores were 2.49
Factor 2 “evaluation of 3D maps”
Average scores were 2.31
Factor 3 “usability”
Average scores were 2.75
Factor 4 “design”
Average scores were 2.06
Factor 5 “promotion of learning effect”
Average scores were 3.03
※Max score is 4
Factor ~ we named ~
Average score were ~
where the top score is 4

29. Factor Analysis Five Factor interview answers KJ method
① interest and attraction
② evaluation of 3D maps
③ usability
④ design
⑤ promotion of learning effect
Factor
Analysis
KJ method
selected 30 items for the questionnaire

30. Results
The system promotes interest in Geography and geology, since the score for “promotion of learning effect” is rather high (3.03).
We found that users were interested in studying landform maps and mechanisms of landform formation.
All factors scored higher than 2, meaning that the system is effective.

31. 6
Conclusion

32. Conclusion
Our evaluation showed the effectiveness and advantages of stereographic displays over contemporary VDT.
We found that users were interested in studying landform maps and mechanisms of landform formation, areas in which users had not previously been interested.

33. Future study
We need to construct a system in which the control page is displayed to the user’s desk monitor and the stereographic system frames the control page into the stereographic screen.
All factors scored higher than 2, meaning that the system is effective.
We will refine the user interface of the system in order to increase user comfort, since the “design” factor scored rather low (2.06)