1. 1. Charlemagne’s Empire 2. New Invaders
Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 Notes
1. Charlemagne’s Empire
2. New Invaders

2. Warm up Middle Ages 815-1215AD Look on the map on page 372.
In the 800’s one major Christian kingdom, the Frankish Empire, ruled a huge portion of western Europe. This kingdom reached great heights under the rule of Charlemagne. By 1215 many kingdoms in Europe had divided, others had become unified, and even more had become Christian.
1. What do you think caused the political boundaries in western Europe to change between ?
2. What do you think happened during the Middle Ages to allow Christianity to spread so far in such a short period of time?

3. 13.1- Building Empire Building an Empire The Early Carolingians
Since the fall of Rome the empire(476 AD) Europe had been on the decline.
The Early Carolingians
Franks ruled much of western Europe under the control of the Carolingians
Charles Martel- not king but political leader , ruler, and war leader
His son Pippin III would take the throne from the Frankish King and crown himself ruler. Gained new land for the Franks
Throne passed down in 768 to his son Charles…. Aka Charlemagne.

4. 13.1-Building a New Empire Charlemagne’s Rise to Power
Success came from military power
When he went into battle and defeated a land he brought them under his kingdom and formed alliances with local leaders
Pope Leo III called on Charlemagne for help when the papal state was being attacked by the Lombards
Papal State- region in Italy under the control of the Pope
Charlemagne went to help the Pope and defeated the Lombards
799 people displeased with Pope Leo ran him out of Rome
Charlemagne escorted the Pope back into power and as a thanks the Pope named Charlemagne emperor
The title made it seem like Charlemagne had restored order to Rome
That Charlemagne’s rule had the full backing of the church

5. 13.1- Building a New Empire Charlemagne’s Rule Empire to large to rule
So he est. a permanent capital at Aachen (now in Germany)
There he built a huge cathedral
He appointed counts to rule parts of the empire
Took an oath to obey Charlemagne and carry out his decisions for the kingdom
Counts were given large tracts of land and given considerable authority
Charlemagne appointed inspectors to keep tabs on the counts. They helped ensure that counts remained loyal and that the empire was well run.

6. 13.1- New Society Education He encouraged education
He wanted leaders to be educated
Ordered churches to start schools
Scholars taught classes on religion, music, grammar, and other subjects
Scholars copied ancient text to the schools and sent them to monasteries around Europe for monks to copy and distribute
If this was not done many of these famous works would most likely have been lost

7. 13.1- New Society Religion Law End of Charlemagne
He wanted to create a unified Christian Church
He ordered those he conquered to convert to Christianity under penalty of death
Law
He honored the traditional laws of the tribe he conquered
He had many of these laws recorded because they were previously only oral laws.
Enforced Christian Law
End of Charlemagne
Unfortunately When Charlemagne died in 814 the empire lost its center.
He had not set up a strong enough gov’t and bureaucracy
Regional Kings grew stronger
Charlemagne's Three grandsons fought over who would rule
Split into three kingdoms
Invaders began weakening Western Europe

8. Charlemagne’s Achievements
Politics- Unified Europe for the first time since the fall of Rome
Education- Built schools and preserved ancient writings
Religion- spread Christianity
Law- Developed legal code

9. 13.2 Notes
New Invaders

10. 13.2- The Vikings Origins of the Vikings
Once Charlemagne died the Empire was unstable and new invaders came into the Frankish Empire
Vikings came in from the North- Norway, Denmark, and Sweden
Looking for new food and wealth Viking leaders decided to take what they needed from other people…. Thus began the Viking raids
Viking society was rural and agricultural
Most Vikings farmed and fished
Population grew and food grew scarce
Thus they decided to take what they neede d from others

11. 13.2- The Vikings Viking Raids
Vikings had excellent navigation and shipbuilding skills which allowed them to cross many oceans to search for wealth
Vikings attacked England and France first and then expanded to all of Europe
All over Europe people were afraid because they had no warning when the Vikings would attack
They pillaged lands, towns, homes, and people
There favorite target were monasteries

12. 13.2- The Vikings Viking Settlements
Some Vikings were explorers instead or raiders
Some settled in Iceland in 700’s
Vikings survived in Iceland much longer than In Europe
Explorers reached Greenland in 982
Then Canada a hundred years later under the leadership of Leif Eriksson
Also settled in France under the leadership of Rollo who made a deal with the King of France to stop raiding in exchange for land which is now know as Normandy

13. 13.2- The Magyars
Magyars
Magyars- originally from the Asia raided and attacked the east
Rode and skilled on horseback
Settled in Hungary
Never attacked heavily defended towns
Once they had a permanent home they could not outrun their opponents and were eventually crushed by King Otto the Great n the 900’s

14. 13.2- The Muslims
Muslims
Muslims came into Europe in the 711’s as conquers and invaded Spain
Capital Cordoba become one of the wealthiest and most culturally advanced cities of the medieval world
Muslims ruled in the Iberian Peninsula for more than 700 years
It was a place of religious tolerance
In ’s Muslim began small raids in Italy and France
They destroyed many ancient artifacts and churches like Saint Peter’s Basilica
They also cut off trade routes from Byzantine into the Mediterranean. Also trade routes from Italy and eastern allies
The pope had little choice but to turn to the Franks for protection which shifted the power in western Europe