1. Sound Effects/Devices
ALLITERATION
RHYME/RHYME SCHEME
ONOMATOPOEIA
ASSONANCE
REPETITION
You do not have to write down the examples as long as you know and understand the sound effect/device.

2. ALLITERATION
The repetition of the same consonant sounds at the beginning of two or more adjacent words or stressed syllables.
For example the line from the poem,
Darkness Lost:
From somewhere far beyond, the flag of fate's caprice unfurled,

3. RHYME
Words that sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds. A word always rhymes with itself.
LAMP
STAMP
Share the short “a” vowel sound
Share the combined “mp” consonant sound

4. RHYME SCHEME
In most traditional poetry, the rhyme is organized in patterns called rhyme schemes.
a pattern of rhyming words or sounds (usually end rhyme, but not always).
Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually “see” the pattern.

5. Sample rhyme scheme A B C A mighty creature is the germ,
Though smaller than the pachyderm.
His customary dwelling place
Is deep within the human race.
His childish pride he often pleases
By giving people strange diseases.
Do you, my poppet, feel infirm?
You probably contain a germ.
-“The Germ” by Ogden Nash

6. A Clumsy Young Fellow Named Tim
There once was a fellow named Tim
whose dad never taught him to swim.
He fell off a dock
and sunk like a rock.
And that was the end of him.
What is the rhyme scheme of this
poem?

7. Poem with rhyme & rhythm
“The Porcupine”
By Ogden Nash
Any hound a porcupine nudges
Can’t be blamed for harboring grudges.
I know one hound that laughed all winter
At a porcupine that sat on a splinter.

8. Poem without rhyme & rhythm
Any hound that touches a porcupine Can’t be blamed for holding a grudge I know one hound that laughed all winter long At a porcupine that sat on a piece of wood What do you think? Which one did you enjoy reading?

9. onomatopoeia
The use of words that sound like what they mean. Words represent sounds.
Buzz
Purr
Bang
Crash

10. assonance The repetition of vowel sounds in words close together.
David made his way to the lake.
Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.
- From “Dauber: a poem” by John Masefield
Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.
- From Othello by William Shakespeare

11. repetition
The use of a sound, word, phrase, clause, or sentence more than once.

12. Graphic elements of poetry
Line
Line Break
Refrain
Stanza

13. LINE
A line of poetry is similar to a sentence and ends when the poet begins a new line (line break)

14. Line break
The intentional end of a line of poetry.

15. Refrain
Group of words repeated at key intervals in poems. Similar to a chorus in a song

16. stanza
Division of a poem composed of two or more lines characterized by meter, rhyme, and number of lines. Similar to a paragraph in a story.

17. Lyrical Narrative Free Verse Epic Limerick Haiku
Forms of poetry
Lyrical
Narrative
Free Verse
Epic
Limerick
Haiku

18. Lyrical poetry
Short poems expressing personal feelings and emotions that may be set to music and often involves the use of regular meter.
Short poem (only a few lines, 1-2 stanzas)
Usually written in first person point of view
Expresses an emotion or an idea, or describes a scene
Does not tell a story and are often musical

19. Narrative poetry
Poetry that tells a story to entertain.
Longer b/c it tells a story AND the poet needs to establish characters and a plot (beginning, middle, and end)
Example: “The Highwayman” by Alfred Noyes

20. Elements of narrative poetry
character
setting
conflict
plot

21. Example: See “Fog” by Carl Sandburg
Free verse poetry
Does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables
Does NOT have rhyme
Very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you
Example: See “Fog” by Carl Sandburg

22. Epic poetry
A long narrative poem, usually telling the deeds of a folk hero and written using both dramatic and narrative literary techniques.
Example: John Milton’s Paradise Lost

23. Limerick poetry A B What is a limerick, Mother?
A five line poem with rhymes in line 1, 2, and 5, and then another rhyme in lines 3 and 4
What is a limerick, Mother?
It's a form of verse, said Brother
In which lines one and two
Rhyme with five when it's through
And three and four rhyme with each other.
- untitled and author unknown A B

24. HAIKU poetry
Japanese style poem written in three lines that do not rhyme
Focuses traditionally on nature
Lines respectively are 5 syllables, 7 syllables, and 5 syllables
Whitecaps on the bay:
A broken signboard banging
In the April wind.
-untitled haiku by Richard Wright