1. Art Periods in Modern European History

2. Renaissance
Based on rationality, admiration of classicism, a secular approach to the world.
Innovations include oil paint, use of point perspective, shading, use of an outside source of light.

6. Mannerism More subjective and emotional.
Mannerism reflects the troubled time of the reformation vs. Catholic counter reformation
Abandonment of perspective, or very elongated exaggerated limbs, dark shadows.
El Greco, Titian, late Michelangelo.

9. Baroque More realistic than mannerism.
Grand, elaborate, formal, and emotional.
Tied to grandeur of the church or monarchs.
Rubens, Velazquez, Bach, Handel, Opera, Milton, late Shakespeare, Cervantes.

13. Rococo Elaborate but lighter, almost dainty. Mainly the 1700s.
Watteau, Fragonard
Great patron was Louis XV’s mistress, Madame de Pompadour.

17. Realism Netherlands Fans Hals, Jan Vermeer, Rembrandt.
Still life, everyday scenes, spiritual side of life reflected in faces.

21. Neoclassicism Late 1700s. Tied to the Enlightenment.
Use of the arch, simple forms..
Paintings: Statuesque, simple, balanced, clear, less emotion.

24. Romanticism
Objections to the Enlightenment’s emphasis on reason, form, and the classics.
Themes of nature, simple life.
Gothic images or exotic images.
Music: ballads, folk songs
Writers: Keats, Shelley, Lord Byron.

31. Realism Romanticism considered too sentimental. Later 1800s.
Art intended to push for social reform– realistic depiction of life and its problems.
Gustave, Courbet, Daumier, Millet.
Literature: Balzac, Flaubert, Dickens.

34. Naturalism Mid 18th century literary movement.
Scientific description of nature and the mind.
Zola, Stephen Crane, Ibsen.

35. Symbolism
Literary movement that suggested rather than named.
Mallamè

36. Impressionism
Pleasant scenes rather than social comment, abandon line, perspective, and studio light.
Attempt to capture a fleeting moment in time.
Monet, Degas, Renoir.

39. Post-Impressionism
Turning away from impressionism because it lacked form and discipline.
This movement was only united in rejecting impressionism.
Expressed chaos and complexity of the machine age.
Importance of line.
Beginnings of the modern art movement.
Cezanne, Seurat, Gaugin, Van Gogh, Toulouse-Latrec.

43. Cubism Use of shape to suggest reality. Movement toward abstraction.
Picasso, Braque.

47. Expressionism
Use of strong color and line to show emotion and lack of order in the human mind.
Influence of African masks and images (and influence of Imperialism)
Matisse, Munch, Van Gogh.

49. Abstract expressionism
Purely abstract, emotionally associative design of shapes and colors.
Kandinsky, New York school.
Reflection of modern times—post World War I

51. Surrealism
Psychological paintings, sometimes very realistic, that reveal the inner mind.
Dali, Klee, Miro, Chagall.
Again, reflection of Freudian concepts and the scars that World War I and II have on the world psyche.