2. TCI Sect 3 Chapter 19 & Notes
Worksheet

3. The Schlieffen Plan
VIDEO
The Plan: German troops would race west to fight France then come back east and fight Russia (Russ would be slower to mobilize b/c of lack of RR’s)
Initial success – In west, Germans overran Belgium and swept into France – just miles from Paris

4. The Schlieffen Plan Fails!
First Battle of the Marne – Allies won the battle! Germany’s Schlieffen Plan was ruined
Result: this 2 front war would quickly become a stalemate (or deadlock) everywhere

5. Old Strategies
The First World War showed that charges by mounted cavalry were largely obsolete. However, horsepower was crucial on all fronts in continuing the war.

6. The First Battle of the Marne
Sept German cavalry lost during fighting against the French and British. This halted the German advance on Paris. German cavalry did not fight again on the Western Front for the rest of the war. (Both sides at the Western Front tended to fight on foot from this point forward).

7. War Horse Horse Power Facts
Germany could not maintain its supply of horses through the war, even by confiscating thousands from occupied territory. This contributed to its defeat.

8. Western Front

9. Trench Warfare: The Western front
September 1914 A system of trenches was dug over 500 miles between Switzerland and the North Sea on the Belgian Coast. Despite the number of attacks launched against enemy trenches by both sides with huge casualties, neither was strong enough to break through the enemy line until 1918.

10. The Western Front
Germany took control of part of France. Germany and the Allies created networks of defensive trenches in northern France. Fighting resulted in a STALEMATE!
Western front
Terrible slaughter on both fronts were a result of mixing old tactics with new technology – i.e. the cavalry/infantry charge

11. What is “no man’s land”? the unoccupied area between the 2 opposing
armies’ trenches.
What is “no man’s land”?

12. Eastern Front

13. The Eastern Front
Trench warfare was less widespread on the Eastern Front—
Definition: the name given to the battle zones of Eastern Europe.
Despite its size, the Russian army proved no match for the better equipped Germans.
Many Russians were slaughtered, causing the gov’t to collapse.
Russia had to withdraw from the war by 1917!
Eastern front

14. The Eastern Front: Effects on Russia
Russia not yet fully industrialized; their army was continually short on food, guns, ammunition, clothes, boots and blankets
Russia survived its heavy losses by… constantly rebuilding its army from its enormous population
Effects of the drawn out battles on the Eastern front…suffered enormous battlefield losses (2 million killed, wounded or captured in 1915 alone)
Russia will eventually pull out of the war early…

15. The Eastern Front: Effects on Germany
Effects of the drawn out battles on the Eastern front for:
Germany- because their troops engaged with Russian army in east; Germany couldn’t push its full fighting force at the western front – STALEMATE RESULTED in Eastern Europe!

16. Ch 19 Terms List

17. New Weapons of War

18. New Weapons
Poison Gas
Introduced by Germans but used on both sides; gases caused blinding, severe blisters, & death by choking

19. New Weapons
Machine Gun
Widely used in combat; could wipe out waves of attackers and make it difficult for forces to advance

20. New Weapons
Tank
Introduced by British – At first they were slow & clumsy.
But they were improved & so, aided the Allies in their war effort

21. New Weapons
Airplane
1st used to take photographs of enemy lines; later both sides used them to drop bombs. Guns were later attached so pilots could fight each other in the air.

22. New Weapons
Submarine
U-boats were introduced by Germans as an effective warship; primary weapon was the torpedo, a self-propelled underwater missile

23. Fighting Elsewhere

24. How to end the stalemate?
Western Front stalemate
Eastern Front Russia weakening, but Russia’s massive numbers keep the stalemate…
All the Great Powers looked for a way to end the stalemate – seeking new fronts on which to achieve victory

25. Ottoman Empire The Allied powers invaded the Gallipoli Peninsula
To take the capital of Constantinople
to gain access to the Black sea (a supply route to a desperate Russia).
But the Allies were defeated by the Turkish forces!

26. The Middle East The Allies helped
Arab Nationalists to drive the Ottomans out of the Arabian Peninsula.

27. Asia & Africa
English & French troops attacked Germany’s 4 African possessions –gained control of 3
Britain & Japan
seized German-held islands in the Pacific. (Solomon Islands, Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands)

28. The Home Front
TOTAL WAR
INFLATION
RATIONING
PROPAGANDA

29. THE TOTAL WAR TOTAL WAR:
When countries during WWI devoted all their resources to the war effort!

30. Role of Women
Heavy battlefield losses forced countries to require military service from men age leaving women leave the home to work jobs formerly held by men.

31. Inflation
Trade was difficult due to British and German naval blockades.
Nations printed more paper money to pay for the war, which resulted in INFLATION.
Inflation: a rise in prices caused by an increase in the supply of money and resulting in a decline in its value.

32. Rationing
Shortages of food, fuel, and raw materials developed. Gov’ts RATIONED food and other goods.
High loss of life and wartime shortages caused unrest in many nations.
Rationing: when citizens are encouraged to limit the amount of something due to shortages of food and other materials during wartime.

33. Propaganda
High loss of life and wartime shortages caused unrest in many nations.
GOV’TS used PROPAGANDA to help win support for the war cause
Propaganda: exaggerated & sometimes false information that is spread deliberately to further a cause or damage an opposing cause

35. Map Quiz The Triple Alliance and The Triple Entente The Allied vs
Map Quiz The Triple Alliance and The Triple Entente The Allied vs. The Central Powers

42. Homework
Read Ch19 Section 4 and complete the Notebook Guide Questions (ONLINE)

43. Today’s EXIT… Examine the propaganda poster.
List 3 important symbols in it.
How does the poster make you feel?
What is its message?