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Where is this? VENUS by MAGELLAN: Crater Stephania is located at 51.3 degrees latitude, 333.3 degrees longitude in northern Sedna Planitia on Venus. With.

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Presentation on theme: "Where is this? VENUS by MAGELLAN: Crater Stephania is located at 51.3 degrees latitude, 333.3 degrees longitude in northern Sedna Planitia on Venus. With."— Presentation transcript:

1 Where is this? VENUS by MAGELLAN: Crater Stephania is located at 51.3 degrees latitude, degrees longitude in northern Sedna Planitia on Venus. With a diameter of 11 kilometers (6.8 miles) it is one of the smaller craters on Venus. Because many small meteoroids disintegrate during their passage through the dense atmosphere, there is an absence of craters smaller than 3 kilometers (1.9 miles) in diameter, and even craters smaller than 25 kilometers (15.5 miles) are relatively scarce. The apron of ejected material suggests that the impacting body made contact with the surface from an oblique angle. Upon closer observation it is possible to delineate secondary craters, impact scars from blocks ejected from the primary crater. A feature associated with this and many other Venusian craters is a radar-dark halo. Since dark radar return signifies a smooth surface, it has been hypothesized that an intense shock wave removed or pulverized previously rough surface material or that a blanket of fine material was deposited during or after the impact. Planetary Sciences

2 Possible Projects hot topics Messenger results Curiosity results
Dawn results Cassini results outstanding objects Jovian moons edge of the Solar System (KBOs/SDOs) comet chemistry planet formation the “Nice Model” disks and timescales in Solar System formation exoplanet statistics life in the Solar System organisms on Mars human mission to Mars humans in space observing or database project … INDEPENDENT AND NEW

3 Planet Characteristics
Characteristic Terrestrial Jovian location spacing mass size density composition surface albedo rotation magnetics moons rings AU AU close wide Earths Earths Earth radii Earth radii g/cm g/cm3 rocky gaseous/icy solid any? slow fast none/weak strong (integrated) none/few many none all 0.05 Earth masses = Mercury Planetary Sciences

4 obliquities (tilts) Planetary Sciences

5 bizarre bar magnets Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

6 magnetospheres Earth has strongest terrestrial Mercury, Ganymede wimpy
surface mag field = 0.3 G mag moment = 8x1025 G/cm3 enough to protect us from charged particles Mercury, Ganymede wimpy Venus, Io, Europa, Callisto induced Mars patchy crustal Jupiter has strongest jovian surface mag field = 4.3 G mag moment = 20000X Earths Io plasma torus complicates affects all Galilean satellites Sat/Ura/Nep surface mag fields similar strength to Earth’s Planetary Sciences

7 Jupiter’s magnetotail
Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

8 trends in the Solar System
size with distance from the Sun composition with distance spacing of planets with distance # moons with planet mass magnetic fields with mass rotation speeds with mass non-trends in the Solar System surface gravities not radically different obliquities do not behave 7 large moons are worlds of their own: Moon, Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Titan, Triton Planetary Sciences

9 Asteroids Ceres Vesta Eros Itokawa Planetary Sciences

10 Asteroids semimajor axis Asteroids semimajor axis
Trojans Earth has 1 Mars has 6 + Jupiter has Neptune has 7 + Trojans Earth has 1 Mars has 6 + Jupiter has Neptune has 7 + Hildas are in 3:2 resonance with Jupiter ?! Hildas ?! Hildas Planetary Sciences

11 Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

12 Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

13 Absolute Magnitude = H V magnitude if 1 AU from Earth and 1 AU from Sun while having phase angle of 0 degrees (an impossible scenario) H = 16 means diameter of 2-4 km estimate size from H, but varying albedos lead to different size estimates Planetary Sciences

14 Asteroids eccentricity
Planetary Sciences

15 Planetary Sciences

16 Asteroids inclination
Planetary Sciences

17 Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

18 inclination really splits out the groups
Planetary Sciences

19 Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

20 Inner S.S. 2009 ASTEROIDS green dots: “normal” m.p.
red dots: < 1.3 AU periastron filled: > 1 opposition obs. blue dots: Jupiter Trojans COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others 3 sprays of green dots at 4 AU are the Hildas in 3:2 resonance with Jupiter Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

21 Inner S.S. 2012 ASTEROIDS green dots: “normal” m.p.
red dots: < 1.3 AU periastron filled: > 1 opposition obs. blue dots: Jupiter Trojans COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others 3 sprays of green dots at 4 AU are the Hildas in 3:2 resonance with Jupiter Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

22 Inner S.S. 2015 ASTEROIDS green dots: “normal” m.p.
red dots: < 1.3 AU periastron filled: > 1 opposition obs. blue dots: Jupiter Trojans COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others 3 sprays of green dots at 4 AU are the Hildas in 3:2 resonance with Jupiter Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

23 Inner S.S. 2017 ASTEROIDS green dots: “normal” m.p.
red dots: < 1.3 AU periastron filled: > 1 opposition obs. blue dots: Jupiter Trojans COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others 3 sprays of green dots at 4 AU are the Hildas in 3:2 resonance with Jupiter Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

24 Zoom-in 2009 ASTEROIDS green dots: “normal” m.p.
red dots: < 1.3 AU periastron filled: > 1 opposition obs. blue dots: Jupiter Trojans COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others Mars does not seem to clear region --- Jupiter rules? Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

25 Zoom-in 2012 ASTEROIDS green dots: “normal” m.p.
red dots: < 1.3 AU periastron filled: > 1 opposition obs. blue dots: Jupiter Trojans COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others Mars does not seem to clear region --- Jupiter rules? Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

26 Zoom-in 2015 ASTEROIDS green dots: “normal” m.p.
red dots: < 1.3 AU periastron filled: > 1 opposition obs. blue dots: Jupiter Trojans COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others Mars does not seem to clear region --- Jupiter rules? Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

27 Zoom-in 2017 ASTEROIDS green dots: “normal” m.p.
red dots: < 1.3 AU periastron filled: > 1 opposition obs. blue dots: Jupiter Trojans COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others Mars does not seem to clear region --- Jupiter rules? Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

28 Outer S.S.2003 TNOs red: classical KBOs white: Plutinos
magenta: scattered disk orange tri: Centaurs cyan tri: “unusual” COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others cyan tri: “unusual” have high eccentricities Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

29 Outer S.S.2009 TNOs red: classical KBOs white: Plutinos
magenta: scattered disk orange tri: Centaurs cyan tri: “unusual” COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others more objects, not just pencil beams, pencil beams have spread, blue planets have moved,Pluto/KBOs have moved cyan tri: “unusual” have high eccentricities Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

30 Outer S.S.2012 TNOs red: classical KBOs white: Plutinos
magenta: scattered disk orange tri: Centaurs cyan tri: “unusual” COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others more objects, not just pencil beams, pencil beams have spread, blue planets have moved,Pluto/KBOs have moved cyan tri: “unusual” have high eccentricities Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

31 Outer S.S.2015 TNOs red: classical KBOs white: Plutinos
magenta: scattered disk orange tri: Centaurs cyan tri: “unusual” COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others more objects, not just pencil beams, pencil beams have spread, blue planets have moved,Pluto/KBOs have moved cyan tri: “unusual” have high eccentricities Planetary Sciences

32 Outer S.S.2017 TNOs red: classical KBOs white: Plutinos
magenta: scattered disk orange tri: Centaurs cyan tri: “unusual” COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others more objects, not just pencil beams, pencil beams have spread, blue planets have moved,Pluto/KBOs have moved cyan tri: “unusual” have high eccentricities Planetary Sciences

33 Outer S.S.2017 Plutinos/KBOs Pluto Quaoar Ixion Varuna Orcus
Centaurs/SDOs Chiron Sedna Nessus Asbolus Eris Comets 1P Halley 2P Encke SDO = Scattered Disk Object 2P Encke has shortest period 3.3yr of any comet known Planetary Sciences

34 TNOs/SDOs and Friends Styx Hydra Kerberos Nix Planetary Sciences
TNOs are Pluto, Charon, Nix, Hydra, Makemake SDOs are Eris, Dysnomia Nix Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

35 The Pluto System: 2011 Hydra Nix Planetary Sciences Charon = 1043 km
Hydra ~ 113 km Nix ~ 32 km P4 ~ km Nix Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

36 The Pluto System: 2012 The Pluto System: 2012
dist X 2 Earth-Moon distance needs to be doubled to be to scale Planetary Sciences

37 The Pluto System: 2012 The Pluto System: 2015
Earth-Moon distance needs to be doubled to be to scale Planetary Sciences

38 The Pluto System: 2012 The Pluto System: 2015
Earth-Moon distance needs to be doubled to be to scale Planetary Sciences

39 PAPER TOPIC: Where is the Oort Cloud really?
The Outer Limits PAPER TOPIC: Where is the Oort Cloud really? Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences

40 Disk: Protostellar or Debris?
Planetary Sciences

41 Fomalhaut Planet background star movie
Planet is just inside ring edge / orbital period 872 years background star movie Planetary Sciences Planetary Sciences 41

42 ………………………… inclination really splits out the groups Planetary Sciences

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