1. Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Heterotrophs Lack cell walls Embryology
Blastula stage

2. Animal diversity Simple, cellular level of organization to complex
Invertebrates to vertebrates
Most animals (>95%) are inverts
Aside from very successful insects, most animals are marine
Diverse morphologies, habitats, and adaptations

3. Phylum Porifera Sponges Habitat Body plan = asymmetry
Mostly marine, few freshwater
sessile
Body plan = asymmetry
Suspension filter feeders
Cellular level (lacks true tissues and organs)

4. Cells with specific functions
Porocytes: water canal
Pinacocytes: flat protective cells
Choanocytes: “collar cells” capture food (plankton)
Amebocytes: transport food; differentiate into other cells
Spicules: siliceous or calcareous skeletal structures

5. Diverse types & habitats
Reproduction
Asexual budding
Sexual broadcast spawn
Diverse types & habitats
Tropical to temperate encrusting
Subtropical bath sponges
Deep water glass sponge

6. Phylum Cnidaria (nigh-dare-ia)
Jellyfish, sea anemones, coral
Nearly all marine
Radial symmetry
Two forms: medusa (swimming) and polyp
Tissue level
Reproduction
Sexual and budding
Stinging cells
cnidocytes

7. Tissue layer: 2 layers Epidermis and gastrodermis
Mesoglea is middle jelly layer rather than a true tissue

8. Class Hydrozoa Individual polyps or colonies of specialized polyps
Feeding, reproductive, defense
Sessile colonies
Drifting colonies

9. Class Scyphozoa Dominant medusae stage Close relative Examples
Sea Nettle
Moon Jelly
Upside-down Jelly
Close relative
Class Cubozoa
Tropical
Potent toxins

10. Class Anthozoa Solitary or colonial polyps w/out medusae stage
Sea anemones
Some with zooxanthellae symbionts
Photosynthesizing protists
Corals
CaCO3 skeletons
Environmentally valuable reefs
Extremely susceptible to negative impacts
Pollution, increased temp., etc

11. Phylum Ctenophora Comb jellies All marine
Swim with 8 rows of ciliary combs or ctenes
Use tentacles with colloblasts to capture prey
Adhesive, non-stinging cells

12. Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flatworms
Bilateral symmetry
Organ level
Cerebral ganglia
Simple brain
Reproduction: hermaphrodites
Asexual and Sexual
Many parasitic

13. Incomplete gut
Three tissue layers

14. Opisthorchis sinensis, Chinese liver fluke

15. Opisthorchis lifecycle

16. Cestoda

17. Similar to this mammal tapeworm example, are the marine parasitic tapeworms, “…as dense as seaweed forests, that live in the guts of sharks.”

18. Cestoda scolexes

19. Cestode proglottid 2
Testes
Ovary
Yolk gland

20. Phylum Nemertea Ribbon worms Circulatory system Complete gut
Eversible proboscis

21. Phylum Nematoda Roundworms All environments
Marine sediments (feed on bacteria)
Parasitic to most marine animals
Complete gut
Reproduction
Always sexual
One of the biggest marine parasites measures 13 meters and is two centimeters in diameter …found in the placenta of the sperm whale.

22. Phylum Mollusca
Very diverse
Will discuss in more detail…

23. Phylum Annelida Segmented worms Repetitive body parts
Earthworms
Leeches
Polychaetes
Repetitive body parts
Hydrostatic skeleton
Flexibility and strength
Longitudinal & circular muscles
Coelomates
Closed circulatory system
Excretory organs
Marine, moist land, and some freshwater
Bilateral symmetry
Some parasitic

24. Nereis Class Polychaeta Adaptations to predatory lifestyle Coelom
Eyes, tentacles, jaws, etc
Coelom
Protective gut cavity
Parapodia
w/setae
Respiratory, nervous, and locomotion