1. Kingdom Protista

2. General Characteristics
Any organism not classified as a—plant, animal, fungus, or bacteria (prokaryote).
Protists are eukaryotic having a distinct nucleus and organelles.
Most protists are unicellular (one-celled) but some are multicellular.

3. 4. Protists are primarily classified according to how they obtain nutrition:
Animal-like—heterotrophs
(eat other organisms)
b. Plant-like—autotrophs
They contain chloroplasts
and make their own food
(photosynthesis).
Fungus-like—
Decomposers/Heterotrophs
Didinium
Paramecium
eating
Green like plants!
Water mold

4. Animal-like Protists (Protozoans)
Method of Movement:
Cilia—hair-like projections used for movement and feeding
Cytoplasmic streaming—pseudopod (false foot) extends and cytoplasm streams into it.
Video
Video

5. 2. Paramecium: Contractile Vacuole Nucleus Cilia Oral Groove
Collects and removes excess H2O
(Maintains homeostasis)
Nucleus
Cilia
Oral Groove
Used to collect food
Cell Membrane

6. 3. Amoeba:
Nucleus
Contractile Vacuole
Pseudopod
(False foot)

7. Importance of Animal-like Protists:
a. Harmful
i. Disease-causing parasites spread by insect bites
1. Malaria—Plasmodium spread by mosquito
2. African Sleeping Sickness— Trypmosoma spread by Tsetse fly

8. Video 2:56

9. Beneficial Recycles nutrients by breaking down dead matter
Food source—for other organisms
Mutualism—both organisms benefit
Example: Trichonympha—makes it possible for termites to eat wood. Termites do not have the enzymes to digest wood.

10. a. Flagellum—whip-like structure used for movement 2. Euglena:
Plant-like Protists
1. Method of Movement:
a. Flagellum—whip-like structure used for movement
2. Euglena:
Eyespot
For photosynthesis (light)
Flagella
Nucleus
Video
Contractile Vacuole
Chloroplasts

11. Unicellular Algae:
Phytoplankton provides a source of nourishment for other organisms
b. Protists recycle sewage and waste materials.

12. Algal blooms are harmful when overgrown—deplete water of nutrients consequently killing fish.
Algal blooms called Red Tides cause illness, paralysis, and death of fish and even humans.

13. Multicellular Algae:
Examples---
Red Algae
Green Algae
Brown Algae

14. Uses of Algae:
Algae is a good food source for life in the oceans.
Algae produces much of Earth’s oxygen through photosynthesis.
Algae is used to make sushi, ice cream, salad dressing, plastics, paint, agar.

15. Fungus-like Protists:
Examples—
Slime molds
Water molds

16. Importance of Fungus-like Protists:
Beneficial—
Recycles dead organic material. Results in rich, topsoil providing nutrients for plants.

17. Harmful—
P. Infestans (water mold) caused Great Potato Famine in Ireland. This lead to the mass starvation of 1 million Irish people.