1. Biological Diversity

2. Classification
Classification is the grouping of living organisms according to similar structures and functions

3. History of Classification
Aristotle grouped animals according to the way they moved
Today’s system developed by Carolus Linnaeus
Organization of Biological Diversity:
Domain (often not even used)
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

4. Domain
A taxonomic category that is based on fundamental differences among organisms
Three main domains:
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

5. Kingdom Taxonomic category made up of related phyla
Six kingdoms currently recognized for living organisms
Bacteria
Archaea
Protista
Plantae
Animalia
Fungi

6. Bacteria Prokaryotes (lack nucleus) Unicellular (one cell)
Heterotrophic (most)-eat other organisms for energy
All bacteria are in the same domain and kingdom, which is not true for a lot of organisms!
Examples: E. Coli, Streptococcus

7. Archaea Prokaryotes Unicellular Live in extreme environments
Ex: Sulfolobus acidocaldarius(grow in volcanos), Methanogens (produce methane)

8. Eukarya Four kingdoms in this domain Eukaryotes (contain nuclei)
Multicellular (multiple cells making up organism)
Four kingdoms in this domain
Protista
Animalia
Fungi
Plantae

9. Protista Mainly unicellular
Heterotrophic or Photosynthetic (use light as energy)
Ex: Protozoa, slime molds

10. Animalia Heterotrophic Contain a nervous system
Ex: Us!!, Fish, Bats, Snakes (lots of examples!)

11. Fungi Heterotrophic Absorb nutrients
Contain cell walls of chitin (distinguishes them from plants!)
Ex: mushrooms, truffles
“The latest auction was for two truffles weighing just
under 3 lbs total. $330,000 was paid for the fungal
delicacy.”

12. Plantae Photosynthetic Cell walls made with cellulose
Ex: Trees, Mosses, Ferns

13. This Kingdom will be our focus for this class!
Now that we know how living organisms are organized, let’s look at the differences in the microscope!
While looking at the samples, I would like you to note:
Differences between organisms/cells in different kingdoms
Differences in organisms/cells in similar kingdoms
Common features in plant slides