1. PRESENTATIONS

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE WHAT IS A PRESENTATION? WHY PRESENTATIONS?
PREPARATION AND PLANNING
STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATIONS
DELIVERING A PRESENTATION
THE LANGUAGE OF PRESENTATIONS
TYPES OF VISUAL AIDS AND GRAPHICS
ORGANISATION OF SLIDES
TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL PRESENTATIONS
HOW TO BECOME A GOOD PRESENTER
PRESENTATIONS - TECHNICALITIES

3. WHAT IS A PRESENTATION? CHOOSE THE MOST APPROPRIATE ANSWER.
a) the act of presenting something
b) the way in which something is said, offered, shown, explained, etc. to others
c) a talk, usually to a group of people in which information is given
OVER TO YOU…
For what purposes are presentations made in business?
What types of presentations are there?
What makes a presentation effective?
What is the worst presentation you have experienced?
Even experienced presenters make mistakes during a presentation. Can you give any examples from first hand knowledge?

4. SPEAKER AUDIENCE PRESENTER

5. DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
WRITTEN LANGUAGE
more complex
longer sentences
sophisticated words
no repetitions
impersonal style
SPOKEN LANGUAGE
simpler
shorter sentences
simple words
repetitions
personal style
presentations = spoken
language
Don’t read!

7. WHY PRESENTATIONS?

8. READING – PRESENTATIONS – INTRODUCTION, RB, p 80 & 81
Read the introductory text about presentations and finish the notes that follow on p 81.

9. PREPARATION: PLANNING
Purpose Why?
Audience To whom?
Content What?
Structure How?

10. PREPARATION: CONTENT AND STRUCTURE
Phase 1 brainstorming
Phase 2 content organisation
Phase 3 research

11. PREPARATION: CONTENT (What?)
BRAINSTORMING AND CONTENT ORGANISATION
Collecting ideas
Selecting ideas
Grouping ideas
Sequencing ideas ↓
STRUCTURE OF THE MAIN PART OF
THE PRESENTATION

12. PREPARATION: CONTENT (What?)
PREPARING THE MAIN PART
step 1 – preparing your part
step 2 – reading aloud and modifying
step 3 – highlighting key points
step 4 – writing notes on cards (delivery)
Rehearsal!

13. STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATIONS
Which verbs are missing in the following sentences?
First you say what you're going to _______________.
Then you _______________ it.
Finally, tell them what you've _______________. 1
OPENING (INTRODUCTION)
Questions 2
MAIN SECTION (BODY) 3
CONCLUSION

14. ORGANISING THE MAIN PARTS
Beginning
1 OPENING (INTRODUCTION)
Indicate your policy on questions
(explain rules for questions).
Welcome/greet your audience.
Make use of any visuals.
Explain the structure of your
presentation (outline the presentation).
Introduce yourself.
Thank the audience and invite questions.
Involve the audience as appropriate.
Summarise your presentation.
Give all the facts.
Mark changes of topic clearly.
Introduce your subject (say what
the presentation is about).
Present the subject itself.
Include your final opinion or
recommendations.
Middle
2 MAIN SECTION
(BODY)
End
3 CONCLUSION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

15. PRESENTATION STRUCTURE - OPENING
greet/welcome the audience
introduce yourself/institution
introduce the subject/say what the presentation is about
outline the structure of your presentation
explain how to deal with questions
ADDITIONAL TIPS
capture people’s interest
relate the subject to them
memorise the opening

16. PRESENTATION STRUCTURE –OPENING – DON’T FORGET!
The ABCD model when opening your presentation:
ATTENTION – capture people’s interest
BENEFITS – relate the subject to them
CREDIBILITY – Why should they listen to you?
DIRECTION – What about? How long? Handouts? Questions?
Source: Hughes, J. & Mallett, A. (2012) Successful Presentations

17. PRESENTATION STRUCTURE - MAIN PART (BODY)
80 % of the presentation time
give all the facts
choose to present 3-4 main points clearly and articulately
make use of any visuals
mark changes of topic clearly (SIGNPOSTING)

18. PRESENTATION STRUCTURE – MAIN BODY – DON’T FORGET!
The audience will find it easier to understand the structure of your presentation if you use SIGNALLING DEVICES (SIGNPOSTING) or they will stop listening.
The PEEP principle → simple tool for structuring each section of your presentation and delivering your messages clearly.
present the give give recap the
POINT EXPLANATIONS EXAMPLES POINT
Source: Hughes, J. & Mallett, A. (2012) Successful Presentations

19. PRESENTATION STRUCTURE - END
summarise the main points
include your final opinion or recommendation
thank the audience and invite questions

20. PRESENTATION STRUCTURE
The audience will find it easier to understand
the structure of your presentation if you use
SIGNALLING DEVICES (SIGNPOSTING).
WHAT IS SIGNPOSTING OR SIGNALLLING?
Study the text in RB, p 83 and answer the question.

21. DELIVERING A PRESENTATION
nervous? (preparation → confidence)
be organised, fluent, brief, relaxed, natural
establish rapport with the audience - COMMUNICATE!
body language: eye-contact, tone of voice, ... (LOUD enough)
audience reaction - anticipate the possible questions

22. THE LANGUAGE OF PRESENTATIONS
use appropriate expressions (signalling devices in
the Resource Bank)
use simple and clear language (KISS)
Do not reproduce texts orally by heart!
avoid slang, but do not be too formal
How to make it interesting?
visual aids, surprising facts, stories, anecdotes, jokes, acting, questions
relate your talk to people’s experience
But, above all, …
COMMUNICATE! TALK TO YOUR AUDIENCE!

23. HOW CAN YOU LIVEN UP YOUR PRESENTATION?
INVOLVING YOUR AUDIENCE WITH INTERACTION
Show of hands
Discussion in pairs and groups
Ask for contributions directly (e.g. questions)
SHOWING YOUR ATTITUDE
Body language and eye contact
Show belief and conviction
Extreme language rather than neutral (e.g. excellent or dreadful, rather than good or bad)
Telling a story or an anecdote
Offering an interesting fact
Stating a problem
Referring to what
the audience already know
Asking a rhetorical question
Asking a question
Making a comparison
and analogy

24. MATCH THE FUNCTIONS WITH THE CORRESPONDING EXAMPLES.
Let me give you a statistic: 92% of Americans do not own a passport. Consider
the opportunity this presents
to the travel industry.
As you all probably know,...
I’d like to tell you about something that happened to me when...
It may surprise you that 90% of people tell lies when they apply for a job.
The potential market for this product is 8 million people. That is equivalent to
the population of London.
Telling a story or an anecdote
Offering an interesting fact
Stating a problem
Referring to what the audience already knows
Asking a rhetorical question
Asking a question
Making a comparison and analogy

25. MATCH THE FUNCTIONS WITH THE CORRESPONDING EXAMPLES.
We are facing a crisis with our market share. What are we going to do about it?
How many people here like...?
We’ve looked at some of the benefits, but are there any drawbacks? Well, let me draw your attention to some.
I wonder if any of you here know the answer to this question: What’s the most popular holiday destination in Europe for people under the age of 25?
Raise your hand if you think it’s a good idea to...
Telling a story or an anecdote
Offering an interesting fact
Stating a problem
Referring to what the audience already knows
Asking a rhetorical question
Asking a question
Making a comparison and analogy

26. Prepare the openings for the presentations below using the techniques mentioned above.
1 Your company is developing a small car aimed at women.
Audience: a group of car dealers.
2 Your bank wishes to encourage young people to save money.
Audience: a group of students.
3 Your publisher has asked you to encourage young people to read more.

27. Fill in the missing words.
We all know that a presenter should establish a good with the audience. This is where eye is very important.
Ok, let’s get
Let me expand (elaborate, clarify) that a little later.
My presentation is into two parts. I will first discuss the problem of our profits and then I will turn our strategy.
If you have any questions, don’t to ask.
Please feel to me if you have any questions.
I have told you about the advantages of this strategy. Let’s now move its disadvantages.

28. LET’S CHECK!
We all know that a presenter should establish a good rapport with the audience. This is where eye-contact is very important.
Ok, let’s get started.
Let me expand (elaborate, clarify) on that a little later.
My presentation is divided into two parts. I will first discuss Ø the problem of our profits and then I will turn to our strategy.
If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to ask.
Please feel free to interrupt me if you have any questions.
I have told you about the advantages of this strategy. Let us now move on to its disadvantages.

29. Fill in the missing words.
Let me now hand to John who will tell you about major weaknesses of our product.
To up, I would like to remind you the advantages and disadvantages of the product.
Good morning, I’d like to thank you all for here today.
My today is to tell you about our strategy.
I’ll quickly recap now. As I have already pointed , our strategy has a major weakness.
Finally, may I thank you all for such an attentive audience.

30. LET’S CHECK!
Let me now hand over to John who will tell you about major benefits of our product.
To sum up, I would like to remind you of the advantages and disadvantages of the product.
Good morning, I’d like to thank you all for being here today.
My purpose today is to tell you about our strategy.
I’ll quickly recap now. As I have already pointed out, our strategy has a major weakness.
Finally, may I thank you all for being such an attentive audience.

31. TYPES OF VISUAL AIDS OR GRAPHICS
MATCH THE TYPES OF VISUAL AIDS/GRAPHICS WITH THEIR
NAMES: a flip chart, a projector, a diagram, a flow chart,
an illustration, a pie chart, a line chart, a table, a bar chart,
a plan.

32. HOW DO THESE CARTOONS COMMENT ON POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS?

33. ARE YOUR VISUALS CLEAR? Is information acurate/correct?
Is the text large enough to read?
Do the colours make the text clear?
Do they contain too much information which will be too difficult for people to absorb at the same time as you are trying to keep their attention on what you are saying rather than have them reading what’s on the screen?
Is information acurate/correct?
Remember to avoid distracting gimmicks.
Source: Appleby, R. (2013) Teaching Academic Skills, OUP
Introduction
Preparation and Planning
Structure of Presentations
Delivering a Presentation
The Language of Presentations
Designing your Slides and Using Visual Aids
Bringing it Alive!
Tips for Successful Presentations
How To Become a Good Presenter

34. TALKING SLIDES WHAT IS WRONG WITH THESE TIPS? Use 5 slides per minute.
Present more than one message on each slide.
Read as much as possible from each slide.
Use font lower than 24.
Always use dark backgrounds and light type.
You can’t avoid turning your back to the class.
Turn off the lights.
Use no more than 10 lines on a slide and no more than 10 words per line.
Don’t bother using visuals.
Don’t point things out on the screen.
Don’t speak before clicking.
Tell your audience that you’re not sure about the duration of your presentation. Just play it by ear.
You’re not important, your slides are the centre of your presentation.

35. VISUAL AIDS – COMMON MISTAKES – LET’S RECAP!
too many slides
too much text on the slides
too many different font styles
too many visuals (graphs, charts, tables…) which are not interpreted accordingly
too frequent animation options not synchronised with presenter’s speech
the presenter simply reading the slides aloud
the presenter looking at the screen throughout the presentation
too many typing and spelling mistakes

36. WHICH BASIC MISTAKES IN PRESENTATIONS ARE ILLUSTRATED BY THESE CARTOONS?

38. COMMENT ON THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS
COMMENT ON THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS. Are they: a) essential, b) helpful or c) unhelpful for successful presentations?
Tell a joke at the beginning.
Speak more slowly than you normally do.
Smile a lot.
Involve the audience.
Invite questions during the presentation.
Always keep to your plan.
Move around during your presentation.
Use a lot of gestures to emphasize important points.
Read out your presentation from a script.
Stand up when giving your presentation.

39. HOW TO BECOME A GOOD PRESENTER
R__________ YOUR TOPIC WELL
O__________ THE CONTENT POINTS CAREFULLY
(STRUCTURE, SLIDES, VISUALS)
R __________ WELL AND LEAVE NOTHING TO CHANCE
KNOW EXACTLY HOW TO S__________
SPEAK NATURALLY AND DON’T R__________
BE CONCISE AND A __________
I__________ YOUR AUDIENCE (ASK QUESTIONS)
W__________ QUESTIONS FROM YOUR AUDIENCE
U__________ SIGNALLING DEVICES
T__________ YOUR TIME
E__________ THE EXPERIENCE
DON'T M__________ A SPECIAL EFFORT TO BE FUNNY
D__________ YOUR OWN STYLE
S__________ THE MAIN POINTS IN THE END
F__________ STRONGLY

40. HOW TO BECOME A GOOD PRESENTER
RESEARCH YOUR TOPIC WELL
ORGANISE THE CONTENT POINTS CAREFULLY
(STRUCTURE, SLIDES, VISUALS)
REHEARSE WELL AND LEAVE NOTHING TO CHANCE
KNOW EXACTLY HOW TO START
SPEAK NATURALLY AND DON’T READ
BE CONCISE AND ARTICULATE
INVOLVE YOUR AUDIENCE (ASK QUESTIONS)
WELCOME QUESTIONS FROM YOUR AUDIENCE
USE SIGNALLING DEVICES
TAKE YOUR TIME
ENJOY THE EXPERIENCE
DON'T MAKE A SPECIAL EFFORT TO BE FUNNY
DEVELOP YOUR OWN STYLE
SUMMARIZE THE MAIN POINTS IN THE END
FINISH STRONGLY

41. PRESENT LIKE STEVE JOBS - HOW DOES THE VIDEO COMPLEMENT THE TIPS?
Watch the video and take notes.

42. PRESENTATIONS – Technicalities
about 3 minutes per presenter, about 5 speakers per presentation
application list on the teacher’s door (Room 17)
as of 4 November (1 presentation: minutes in seminar classes, and then feedback during the office hours)
BUSINESS TOPIC: see the syllabus (after the topic is done in class)
BEFORE THE PRESENTATION: 1) check the topic with the teacher 2) office hours: show the slides and discuss the modifications
ASSESSMENT: structure/content (research effort, clarity, relevant sources mentioned, …), language: use of signalling devices and appropriate vocabulary, rapport (eye-contact, loud voice, overall communication), professional manner (body language, preparedness,…)
DON’T FORGET THE REFERENCES (relevant sources)
before the presentation  it must be sent to the teacher in electronic form and submitted in printed format