1. The Expansion of American Industry
Technology and Industrial Growth
The Expansion of American Industry
A Technological Revolution

2. Technology and Industrial Growth
Changes in Daily Lives
In the years after the Civil War the US developed into an industrial powerhouse
Technological revolutions changed people’s daily lives

3. Changes in Daily Life Abraham Gesner - Canadian Geologist
Technology and Industrial Growth
Changes in Daily Life
Abraham Gesner - Canadian Geologist
Invented kerosene in 1840
Brought inexpensive illumination into almost every home
Kerosene lamps opened the evening to activity

4. New Forms of Energy 1859 Titusville, Penn.
Technology and Industrial Growth
New Forms of Energy
1859 Titusville, Penn.
Edwin Drake was the 1st to successfully drill for oil
Chemist soon found ways to transform petroleum into lubricating oil, grease, paint, wax, and varnish

5. Technology and Industrial Growth
New Forms of Energy
Mesabi Range in Minnesota is a belt of iron ore 110 miles long, averaging 1 to 3 miles wide, and reaching a thickness as great as 500 feet
Discovered by Leonidas Merritt and his brothers in 1887

6. Bessemer Process Railroads used iron for rails
Technology and Industrial Growth
Bessemer Process
Railroads used iron for rails
Until the Henry Bessemer patented a process for making steel (1850)
Steel is lighter, stronger and more flexible than iron
The mass production of steel was now possible – made steel cheaper to make

7. New Uses for Steel Railroads Stronger railroad tracks Engines and cars
Technology and Industrial Growth
New Uses for Steel
Railroads
Stronger railroad tracks
Engines and cars
Buildings
Bridges

8. New Uses for Steel Brooklyn Bridge Spans East river by 1595 feet
Technology and Industrial Growth
New Uses for Steel
Brooklyn Bridge
Spans East river by 1595 feet
Highest man-made structure besides pyramids

9. Technology and Industrial Growth
New Uses for Steel
First Skyscraper - Home Insurance Building in Chicago
Used steel I beams
Bessemer process allowed for steel to be used in the construction of buildings
Allowed for the construction of taller buildings

10. Technology and Industrial Growth
New Uses for Steel
The skyscraper revolutionized urban life because with higher buildings larger numbers of people could live and work in the cities

11. Tallest Skyscraper Burj Dubai About 2500 feet tall
Technology and Industrial Growth
Tallest Skyscraper
Burj Dubai
About 2500 feet tall
               

12. Technology and Industrial Growth

17. Inventions Promote Change
Technology and Industrial Growth
Inventions Promote Change
Thomas Edison
Wizard of Menlo Park
Established an invention factory 1876
Promised to a “minor invention every 10 days and a big thing every 6 months or so.”

18. Thomas Edison Innovations that changed the world: Light bulb
Technology and Industrial Growth
Thomas Edison
Innovations that changed the world:
Light bulb
Motion picture projector
Storage battery
Electric Power Plant (based on low voltage direct current)

19. Electricity’s Impact on Business and Daily Life
Technology and Industrial Growth
Electricity’s Impact on Business and Daily Life
Electricity helped to improve the productivity of the business world
Electric sewing machine
Workers produce more clothing in less time

20. Electricity’s Impact on Business and Daily Life
Technology and Industrial Growth
Electricity’s Impact on Business and Daily Life
Household benefited from electricity
Made refrigerator possible to keep food from spoiling

21. Advances in Communications
Technology and Industrial Growth
Advances in Communications
Advances in communication include the Telegraph and the Telephone

22. Samuel F. B. Morse Patented an perfected telegraph
Technology and Industrial Growth
Samuel F. B. Morse
Patented an perfected telegraph
Created code to use with the telegraph
Morse code
Sent first message in 1844

23. Alexander Graham Bell 1st to patent the telephone in 1876
Technology and Industrial Growth
Alexander Graham Bell
1st to patent the telephone in 1876
Established the American Telephone and Telegraph Company

24. George Westinghouse Made electricity safer and less expensive
Technology and Industrial Growth
George Westinghouse
Made electricity safer and less expensive
Demonstrated the advantages of high-voltage alternating current for transmission over great distance
His company (Westinghouse Electric Co.) encouraged scientists to create new applications for electricity

25. Transcontinental Railroad
Technology and Industrial Growth
Transcontinental Railroad
Central Pacific and Union Pacific begin laying tracks
First transcontinental railroad completed at Promontory Point, Utah
Symbolized American unity and progress

26. Union Pacific and Central Pacific presidents shake hands.
Chinese labors were asked to step aside.

27. Technology and Industrial Growth
Railroad Labor
Railroad brought dreams of unsettled land, adventure, and a fresh start
And a opened a vast area for settlement

28. Railroad Labor Most workers were Irish and Chinese Immigrants
Technology and Industrial Growth
Railroad Labor
Most workers were Irish and Chinese Immigrants
Accidents and pneumonia and other diseases impaired and killed thousands of men each year

29. Technology and Industrial Growth
Railroad Labor
The most basic of all principles was that initial construction should be as cheap as possible
Average pay was $40-$60 a month and meals for 10 hour work days
Workers included
Surveyors
Track layers
Engineers
Brakemen
All jobs hazardous

30. Railroads and Time Zones
Technology and Industrial Growth
Railroads and Time Zones
Railroads integrated their lines
Also adopted standard schedules, signals and a standard gauge (width of the lines)
Different local times across the country

31. Railroads and Time Zones
Technology and Industrial Growth
Railroads and Time Zones
Boston 12 minutes faster than NYC, 27 time zones in Ill., 38 in Wisc.
Must reset watch 20 times from Maine to California
Professor CF Dowd invented Time Zones
Divided the Earth into 24 time zones

32. Railroads and Time Zones
Technology and Industrial Growth
Railroads and Time Zones
Watches synchronized November 18, 1883
The American Railway Association divided the country into 4 time zones and adopted the modern standard of time

33. Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Causes and Effects
Technology and Industrial Growth
Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Causes and Effects

34. Technology and Industrial Growth
Group Activity
In groups, read the Issues Connector: Technology and Society
Re-create the Advantages and Disadvantages Table on a blank sheet of paper.
When finished with the table, answer questions 1-8 using the Issues Connectors Primary Source Quotes.
Make sure all group members participate.