1. “One morning I shot an elephant in my pajamas
“One morning I shot an elephant in my pajamas. How he got into my pajamas I’ll never know.”

2. Misplaced Modifiers, Dangling Modifiers

3. Misplaced Modifiers
When building a sentence, avoid needless separation of related parts of the sentence.
A misplaced modifier is positioned in a sentence so that it is unclear which word, phrase, or clause is modified.

4. Misplaced Parts, and Modifiers
Modifiers such as almost, only, just, even,hardly, nearly, and merely, should be placed immediately before the words they modify.
Example:
My mother only works on Saturdays and Sundays.
This sentence indicates that the mother only works -- she does not eat, sleep, or talk.

5. Misplaced Parts, and Modifiers
We must place the modifier before a different word so the sentence is clearly understood.
Examples………
My mother only works on Saturdays and Sundays.
Revised…………
My mother works only on Saturdays and Sundays.

6. Misplaced Parts, Modifying Phrases
Example…..
Her job is to file newspaper
articles about handgun use
in the library.
A modifying
phrase should
clearly indicate
what the phrase
modifies.
Revised…..
Her job in the library is to file newspaper articles about handgun use.

7. The librarian explains computer to do research
Modifying Clauses
Modifying clauses should be
placed near the words they modify.
Revised…..
Before the class
begins, the librarian
explains
how they use the
computer to
do research.
Example…..
The librarian explains
how they use the
computer to do research
before the class
begins.

8. Squinting Modifiers Avoid squinting modifiers…
These modifiers appear to modify both preceding and following words, creating ambiguous meanings.
Example….
Students who review researching skills often will benefit.

9. Squinting Modifiers
Students who review researching skills often will benefit.
What does this sentence mean?
Students who often review researching skills are the ones who will benefit. Or
Students who review researching skills are the ones who often benefit.

10. Avoid Split Infinitives
An infinitive is the “to” form of a verb: to dance, to listen, to sew.
Example:
I decided to quickly research the median incomes of police officers.
I hoped to, without much preparation, write the research paper.
Revised:
I decided to research quickly the median incomes of police officers.
Without much preparation, I hoped to write the research paper.

11. Dangling Modifiers Example:
A dangling modifier is a word, phrase, or clause
that does not modify any element in a sentence.
Example:
Researching on the internet, many facts are easily obtained for the report.
Who was researching?
What is the subject of the sentence?
“Many facts” is the subject.
If “many facts” is the subject, who is researching on the internet?

12. Dangling Modifiers Revised:
Researching on the internet, we easily found many facts for the report.
“We” is the subject so we are researching on the internet.

13. Dangling Modifiers Example:
A dangling modifier is a word, phrase, or clause
that does not modify any element in a sentence.
Example:
Because of going to many parties, my term paper was late.
How would you revise this sentence?

14. Modifiers - Practice Review
Identify each sentence as being CORRECT or INCORRECT:
Christina enrolled in an animal training program after graduation which was organized by a circus.
Incorrect

15. Modifiers - Practice Review
Identify each sentence as being CORRECT or INCORRECT:
Bob trained a pig to use a litter box with love and patience.
Incorrect

16. Modifiers - Practice Review
Identify each sentence as being CORRECT or INCORRECT:
The veterinarian explained why a pet owner should not hit her kitten on Monday night.
Incorrect

17. Modifiers - Practice Review
Identify each sentence as being CORRECT or INCORRECT:
The animal trainer rode on the elephant with a broken foot.
Incorrect
Who had the broken foot , the trainer or the elephant?

18. Modifiers - Practice Review
Identify each sentence as being CORRECT or INCORRECT:
The lioness watched the trainer caring for her cub in the cage.
What does this sentence mean?
The lioness in the cage caring for her cub watched the trainer. or
The lioness watched the trainer who was caring for her cub.
Incorrect

19. Modifiers - Practice Review
Identify each sentence as being CORRECT or INCORRECT:
The horses at the riding stable only galloped for experienced riders
Incorrect:
galloped ONLY for experienced riders.

20. Modifiers - Practice Review
Identify each sentence as being CORRECT or INCORRECT:
Having a coat that was well cared for, the dog was happy and healthy.
Correct

21. Modifiers - Practice Review
Identify each sentence as being CORRECT or INCORRECT:
Brushing your dog daily, his tangles are eliminated.
Incorrect

22. Modifiers - Practice Review
Identify each sentence as being CORRECT or INCORRECT:
Using human products on pets can be very harmful to the animal’s skin and eyes.
Correct

23. Modifiers - Practice Review
Identify each sentence as being CORRECT or INCORRECT:
Working with animals of all types, the pay is not as important as the personal satisfaction.
Incorrect:
a person must be working with the animals.

24. Modifiers - Practice Review
Identify each sentence as being CORRECT or INCORRECT:
Because of caring for so many animals, the grooming schedule was not completed at the zoo.
Incorrect:
a person must be caring for the animals.

25. Any
Questions?