1. Ancient Greece (1750 B.C.-133 B.C.)
Lesson 4 Alexander the Great and the Legacy of Greece

2. Ancient Greece (1750 B.C.-133 B.C.)
Lesson 4 Alexander the Great and the Legacy of Greece
Learning Objectives
Explain how Alexander the Great built an extensive empire.
Describe the empire’s cultural impact.
Identify major Hellenic Greek scientists and their discoveries and innovations.

3. Ancient Greece (1750 B.C.-133 B.C.)
Lesson 4 Alexander the Great and the Legacy of Greece
Key Terms
Alexander the Great.
Philip II
Assassination
assimilated,
Alexandria,
Pythagoras
heliocentric,
Archimedes
Hippocrates

4. The New Era of Alexander the Great
In 338 B.C., Athens fell to the Macedonian army. Athens and the other Greek city-states lost their independence. Yet the disaster ushered in a new age in which Greek culture spread from the Mediterranean to the borders of India. The architect of this new era was the man who would eventually become known to history as Alexander the Great.

5. The New Era of Alexander the Great
Philip II Takes Control of Greece
Alexander Conquers Persia
The March into India
The Early Death of Alexander

6. The New Era of Alexander the Great
Philip II of Macedonia, depicted as a youth by an artist centuries later, saw his brothers fail to control local princes, prevent interference by Thebes, or fight off an Illyrian invasion.

7. The New Era of Alexander the Great
Analyze Maps Alexander the Great’s ambitions led him to conquer lands across a vast area. Judging from this map, do you think his empire would be difficult to keep united? Explain your reasoning.

8. Alexander’s Legacy
Although Alexander’s empire soon crumbled following his premature death, he had unleashed changes that would ripple across the Mediterranean world and the Middle East for centuries. His most lasting achievement was the spread of Greek culture.

9. Alexander’s Legacy Cultures Blend Alexandria: The Cultural Capital
Women Take New Roles

10. Alexander’s Legacy
This stone standing bodhisattva from the 300s B.C. in the Gandharan region (in today’s Pakistan and Afghanistan) displays Greek influence in its face, physique, and flowing robe.

11. Hellenistic Arts and Sciences
The cities of the Hellenistic world employed armies of architects and artists. Temples, palaces, and other public buildings were much larger and grander than the buildings of classical Greece. The elaborate new style reflected the desire of Hellenistic rulers to glorify themselves as godlike.

12. Hellenistic Arts and Sciences
New Philosophies Emerge
Math and Astronomy Advance
Medical Practice Improves
A Remarkable Legacy

13. Hellenistic Arts and Sciences
Born on the island of Cyprus, Zeno the Stoic (c. 335 B.C.–c. 263 B.C.), studied philosophy in Athens. The ideas he taught at the stoa, or colonnade, in the marketplace became the basis of Stoicism.

14. Hellenistic Arts and Sciences
Ancient Greece’s legacy has been as broad as it is deep, including major concepts, institutions, and inventions in government, culture, the arts, mathematics, the sciences, and technology.

15. Quiz: The New Era of Alexander the Great
Why was Alexander the Great able to conquer the Persian empire?
A. Alexander and Philip II had huge armies.
B. It was devastated by a major earthquake.
C. Darius III was unprepared for an attack from former allies.
D. It was declining due to weak leadership.

16. Quiz: Alexander’s Legacy
Alexander encouraged the blending of cultures by
A. making his capital in Persia.
B. adopting Persian customs.
C. setting up colonies in Persia.
D. taking up Persian religion.

17. Quiz: Hellenistic Arts and Sciences
Which Hellenistic scientist made practical inventions by applying principles of physics?
A. Pythagoras
B. Hippocrates
C. Aristarchus
D. Archimedes