2. Stress in the Workplace Kathy L. Lantz , MSHCA, MBA
Chapter 12
Stress in the Workplace
Kathy L. Lantz , MSHCA, MBA

3. Learning Outcomes The definition of stress
The process model of stress and coping
How stress can negatively affect individuals and organizations
How personalities, race and gender affect an individual's level of stress
The four categories of stress in the workplace
The various coping strategies available to organizations
The concepts of learned optimism and hardiness training

4. Define Stress
Cognitive-transitional theory A particular relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and endangering his or her well being Eutress = euphoria + stress Distress = negative + destructive outcomes

5. Negative Effects of Distress
Accidents
Absenteeism
Employee turnover
Loss of productivity
Direct medical, legal and insurance costs
Workers’ compensation awards
Tort and liability judgments

6. Various Forms of Stress
Positive or Negative
Constructive or destructive stress
External or Internal
Physical conditions or psychological tendencies
Short Term or Long Term
Acute or chronic conditions

7. Individual Levels of Stress
Personality Minorities Gender

8. 4 Categories for Causes of Stress
Individual task demands
Individual role demands
Group demands
Organizational demands

9. Coping Strategies Reactive coping Anticipatory coping
Preventive coping
Proactive coping

10. Learned Optimism Martin Seligman
Theory suggests people can “learn” optimism by undoing pessimistic thinking and disputing negative thought and beliefs
Three primary elements of explanatory style:
Stability
Globality
Locus of Control

11. HardiTraining Program
To prevent stress in the workplace
Comprises building an employee’s attitudes of commitment, control and challenge
Commitment – to life changes
Control – to influence what happens in life
Challenge – to enhance ones performance
HardiAttitudes engage fully in the personal and work life and support great life meaning

12. Stress Management Preventive and Proactive Anticipatory Coping
Identify major stressors
Communicate with employees
Anticipatory Coping
Assist employees to identify their stress levels
Develop individual stress management programs
Reactive Coping
Employees recognize symptoms of distress
Exercise and nutritious diet and positive attitude on life

13. Schwarzer’s Process Model of Stress and Coping
Based on individuals perception of situation
Perceptual outcomes
Challenge
Threat
Harm
The combination of individual’s perception of the situation and coping strategies will determine the consequences: behavioral, psychological, physiological or combination

14. Conflict Management, Decision Making and Negotiation Skills
Chapter 13
Conflict Management, Decision Making and Negotiation Skills
Kathy L. Lantz, MSHCA, MBA

15. Learning Outcomes The definition of conflict
The four basic types of conflict
The five-conflict-handling modes
The difference between the rational and the bounded rationality approach to decision making
The four basic styles of decision making
The three major negotiation models

16. Conflict
Occurs when an individual or group feels negatively affected by another individual or group
Four basic types of conflict:
1) Goal
2) Cognitive
3) Affective
4) Procedural

17. 5 Level of Conflict
Intrapersonal conflict
Interpersonal conflict
Intragroup conflict
Intergroup conflict
Interorganizational conflict

18. 5 Conflict-Handling Modes
Competition
Avoidance
Compromise
Accommodation
Collaboration

19. Decision-Making Approaches
Rational Approach
Bounded Rationality Perspective

20. Rational Approach Economic rationality model
Systematic analysis of the problem
Choice and implementation of a solution in a logical step-by-step sequence
Considered the “ideal” method of decision making

21. 8-Step Approach Monitor the decision environment
Define the decision problem
Specify decision objectives
Diagnose the problem
Develop alternative solutions
Evaluated alternatives
Choose the best alternative
Implement the chose alternative

22. 4 Styles of Decision Making
Directive
Analytic
Conceptual
Behavioral

23. 3 Negotiation Models
Distributive
Integrative
Interactive

24. APA Format
Basic academic requirement for written assignments at Kaplan University
Title page: course number/name, project/assignment, students’ name and date
Content pages: Double spaced, 5-space paragraph indent, 12-font, times new roman
Reference page: Sources listed in APA format