1. DEMOCRACY Magdalena Zofia Przygonska Ji-hye Chung Jeong-min Lee
Yoo-jung Choi

2. INDEX 01 DIRECT DEMOCRACY 02 DELIVERATIVE DEMOCRACY
03 REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
04 LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY
05 WAVES OF DEMOCRATIZATION
06 CONCLUSION +Q&A

3. 01 DIRECT DEMOCRACY

4. 01 DIRECT DEMOCRACY
δῆμος
κράτος

5. Aristotle’s characterization of democracy
01 DIRECT DEMOCRACY
Aristotle’s characterization of democracy
All to rule over each and each in his turn over all
Appointment to all offices (there’re exceptions)
No property qualification for office-holding
Short tenure
Juries selected from all citizens
The Assembly is supreme over all causes
Those attending the assembly should be paid

6. 01 DIRECT DEMOCRACY

7. Flaws of Athenian democracy:
01 DIRECT DEMOCRACY
Flaws of Athenian democracy:
Only free male citizens have voting rights;
Not so extensive participation;
Time-consuming, over-complex and expensive;
Not always the coherent policy was made, lack of permanent bureaucracy.
Democracy, which is a charming form of government, full of variety and disorder, and dispensing a sort of equality to equals and unequaled alike.

8. 02 DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY

9. 02 DELIVERATIVE DEMOCRACY
Democracy is
a method of
communication.

10. 02 DELIVERATIVE DEMOCRACY
Premise
Political preferences conflict each other
Who should resolve conflict?
Purpose of democratic institutions must to be resolve this conflict
How to do it?
Through an open and uncoerced discussion of the issue at stake with the aim
What is the aim?
Arriving at an agreed judgment

11. 02 DELIVERATIVE DEMOCRACY
Deliberative democracy is as a form of government in which free and equal citizens (and their representatives), justify decisions in a process in which they give one another reasons that are mutually acceptable and generally accessible, with the aim of reaching conclusions that are binding in the present on all citizens but open to challenge in the future.

12. Ethan Lieb’s proposal for a Popular Branch in the U.S.
02 DELIVERATIVE DEMOCRACY
Ethan Lieb’s proposal for
a Popular Branch in the U.S.
525 randomly selected citizens for compulsory service;
Division of chamber into 35 panels (35x 15) discussing personally the same topic;
Origin of topics: initiative of 10% of the population or majority vote in House of Representative and Senate;
Secret voting but transparency of deliberation by publishing the transcripts;
Even though proposal will be vetoed by the House, Senate or courts if 2/3 majority of Popular Chamber is achieved the law is made;
The panels are to be supported by administrative agency.

13. 03 REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY

14. its principle is based on elected government
03 REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
↔ direct democracy
The elected people/officials represent the citizens in government processes
its principle is based on elected government
There is a compatibility with large states and market economies

15. 03 REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
Joseph Schumpeter ( )
Democracy is nothing more than party competition

16. 03 REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY

17. 04 LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY

18. 04 LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY
Rulers
Elected by the votes of the people
Elected with no or minimal falsification of the count
Individual rights
Secured by the law
Poorly entrenched
Special features
Strong institutions> powerful leaders
Rights to free speech and association
Operating through law
Political equality with a market economy based on private property
Powerful leaders> strong institutions
Intervention of the government in the market
Weak judiciary sector
Commonly transited from authoritarian rule
Prominent examples
The USA
Russia, Venezuela etc.

19. 05 WAVES OF DEMOCRATIZATION

20. How could representative democracy emerge?
04 WAVES OF DEMOCRATIZATION
How could representative democracy emerge?

21. 04 WAVES OF DEMOCRATIZATION
Group of transitions from non-democratic to democratic regime that occurs within a specified period of time and that significantly outnumbers transition in the opposite direction during that period.

22. 04 WAVES OF DEMOCRATIZATION

23. The First ‘long’ wave From 1828 to 1926
04 WAVES OF DEMOCRATIZATION
The First ‘long’ wave
From 1828 to 1926
Emergence of the earliest representative democracy

24. The First ‘long’ wave The United states The United Kingdom
04 WAVES OF DEMOCRATIZATION
The First ‘long’ wave
The United states
- Intricate system, constitution
- The Suffrage spread to whole citizens
The United Kingdom
The parliament pull away the House of Lords
> Sovereignty

25. The First ‘reverse’ wave
04 WAVES OF DEMOCRATIZATION
The First ‘reverse’ wave
Backsliding occurred by fascist, communist, or military dictatorship.

26. The Second wave Post-war democracy
04 WAVES OF DEMOCRATIZATION
The Second wave
Post-war democracy
The victorious ally during the Second World War and continued until 1960’s.

27. The Second wave Economy recovery - Defeated nations Decolonization
04 WAVES OF DEMOCRATIZATION
The Second wave
Economy recovery
- Defeated nations
Decolonization

28. Differences 04 WAVES OF DEMOCRATIZATION The first wave The Second wave
Liberty
Intention
Recovery
High
Independency
Relative
period ’s
backsliding
effect
Mass electorate

29. The Third Wave 1970’s ~ defeat of authoritarian systems
04 WAVES OF DEMOCRATIZATION
The Third Wave
1970’s ~
defeat of authoritarian systems
Consolidation of democracy
approximately countries were transferred to democratic regime
Southern Europe, Latin America, Africa etc.
Illiberal democracy

30. Samuel Huntington iniquity of authoritarian regime
04 WAVES OF DEMOCRATIZATION
Samuel Huntington
iniquity of authoritarian regime
progress in living standard
and intellect
anti-authoritarian behavior of religion
support to democracy by majority of countries
demonstration effect of democratization

31. Democratization in Korea
04 WAVES OF DEMOCRATIZATION
Democratization in Korea
The most representative country in the third wave
Movement (bottom up)

32. CONCLUSION

33. Democracy is the second-best way
CONCLUSION
Democracy is the second-best way
Many tasks that we have to solve
Possibilities to improve

34. Q&A

35. Is E-democracy possible and necessary?
Q&A/ DISCUSSION
Is E-democracy possible and necessary?
According to Francis Fukuyama, the end of history means that the final form of government for all nations is liberal democracy. Therefore, the progress into alternative form of regime is impossible. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

36. THANK YOU