1. Warm-Up
Take out your study guide and leave it on your desk. I will come around and check them.
How did the merchant class lead to Capitalism?
Businessmen & merchants had the first private businesses.
Their success led to a middle class and a growing market economy.

2. 1. What are the SPEFN countries and why did we learn about them?
Spain, Portugal, England, France, and Netherlands
They are the leaders of the Age of Exploration.

3. 2. Which was the first country to abandon the Silk Road and use the waterways to sail around Africa into Asia?
Portugal

4. 3. What are the “3 G’s”?
Gold, God, & Glory

5. 4. What does religious persecution mean and what two countries left because of it?
Mistreating individuals or groups because of their religion.
England and France

6. 5. What land did Spain have control of?
Mexico
Central America
South America (minus Brazil)
Florida
Caribbean Islands

7. 6. What land did England have control of?
East coast of North America
13 Colonies
Northern Canada
Caribbean Islands

8. 7. What land did France have control of?
Canada
The Great Lakes
Mississippi River
Central United States
To Louisiana
Haiti (Caribbean)

9. 8. What land did Portugal have control of?
At their height, Portugal controlled:
Brazil
Trade posts in India
Parts of Southeast Asia (spice trade)
Malaysia
Indonesia
African slave trade posts along the coast of Africa.

10. 9. What land did the Netherlands have control of?
Southeast Asia & India
Trade posts in:
Japan
China
South Africa
Small territories along the East coast of South America and North America including the New York (New Amsterdam).

11. 10. What was the economic influence of each of the SPEFN countries?
Spain – Plantations (Cash Crops (Sugar Cane)) & Mining (Gold/Silver)
Portugal - They set up trade posts in Asia, slave trade posts in Africa & cash crop plantations in Brazil.
England – Farming (tobacco, rice, indigo, sugar, cotton), Trade, Mercantilism
France - Along the waterways - Trading furs, fish, & French goods. In the Caribbean – Sugarcane plantation
Netherlands – Trade (spices, rubber, coffee, tea, silk) & Make sugar cane

12. 11. What types of government control did each of the SPEFN countries set up in their colonies?
Spain - Monarchy (king) sent royal representatives (viceroys)to rule the colony & set laws and regulated trade
Portugal - King had direct control through the appointed power of a viceroy (governor).
England - Representative government similar to the mother country (TMC) & colonists elected governors for decision making.
France - Loosely ruled trade posts, limited French government control & Colonists could make their own rules

13. 12. What are the 5 technologies that helped Europe dominate trade and the lands they discovered?
Compass
Astrolabe
Caravel
Cartography
Gun Powder

14. 13. How does a compass work?
Using the earth’s magnetic field, it always points magnetic North.

15. 14. How does an astrolabe work?
A navigational tool that shows your ship’s location in latitude using the stars and the horizon.

16. 15. What does economy mean?
The system that a country uses to manage, spend, and make money and goods.

17. 16. Who benefits the most from the economic system of mercantilism?
The mother country (the monarch – kings / queens)

18. 17. In order to make money, what should you do, according to mercantilism?
Export more than you import.

19. 18. What are the 4 steps to mercantilism?
Step 1: Colonies produced raw material.
Step 2: TMC bought the raw material cheaply from the colonists.
Step 3: TMC made a finished product.
Step 4: TMC sold the finished product back to the colonists for more money.

20. 19. According to mercantilism in the 1700s, European nations used their American coloines as a source of what?
Raw materials for making manufactured goods

21. 20. Who controls businesses in the economic system of capitalism?
Private business owners.

22. 21. What is a market economy?
A system where individual buyers and sellers exchange goods and services for competing prices.

23. 22. What types of colonies did each of the SPEFN countries set up in the New World?
Spain – Plantation
Portugal – Plantation & Trade Posts
England – Settlement
France – Plantation & Trade Posts
Netherlands – Plantation, Trade Posts & Settlement

24. 23. What kind of relationship did each of the SPEFN countries have with the Native Americans?
Spain – Treated them harshly and used them as slaves
Portugal - Treated them harshly and used them as slaves
England – Pushed them off their land and traded with them
France – Friendly & traded with them

25. 24. What did Europeans of the 1500s & 1600s want from Africa?
Slaves

26. 25. What part of Africa did most slaves come from?
West Africa

27. 26. What did Europeans in the 1500s and 1600s want from Asia?
Luxury goods

28. 27. What does isolationism mean?
Cut off from other countries

29. 28. Who benefited the most from the European / Asian trade agreement?

30. 29. Why did Asian countries (i. e
29. Why did Asian countries (i.e. China) remove and end trade with their European trade partners?
European missionaries were trying to convert Asians to Christianity

31. 30. What was the primary killer of Native American populations by the Europeans?
Diseases

32. 31. How did the slave trade weaken African nations?
African tribes lost many of the best (strongest, healthiest, smartest, and most productive) members of society.
Families and communities were separated.
Loss of workers = economic problems

33. 32. How were African tribes involved in the slave trade?
African tribes fought.
Tribes captured each other to sell to European merchants
Some tribes became very powerful

34. 33. What types of colonies were found in North America?
Settlement, plantation, and trade

35. Who were used as slaves before the African slave trade?
Native Americans

36. 35. What is the Middle Passage?
The voyage across the Atlantic that took slaves from Africa to the New World

37. 36. Where did most slaves go after they were taken from Africa?
America